Answer: Rarely if ever
Explanation:
In an economy resources are limited while human wants are unlimited. So resources must be used in a way that maximum consumer wants can be met efficiently. In an economy when resources are allocated efficiently it is rarely possible to make some else better off without making someone else worse off. That is it is rarely possible to increase performance of some without sacrificing on some other dimension.
First of all, GDP does not include household production, production from the underground economy, intermadiate goods or intermediate servces. That is because we define GDP to be the total of all market values of all final goods and services in the country. Hence, the correct answer by the above definition cannot be d. The point of that definition is that household products cannot have a market value and that if we counted towards the GDP both the value of a Graphics Card and that of the PC, we would double count the value of the Graphics Card, thus overestimating the GDP. We see that the value of new houses are included in GDP since they need materials and services and they have a market value, so b is also excluded. Finally, we have shown that b is true but that this is a good thing and leads to a better estimate of total production; the correct answer is a. Here is an example. If there is an economy where in every house there is plenty of wood and people make wood dolls out of tradition, these dolls will not have a market value if they are kept by the people who made them. Nonetheless they are products too and everyone could just try to sell them the next day at a reasonable price; then, the GDP would get a bump out of nowhere, because it cannot account for household items or the underground economy.
Positive externality is a benefit that is enjoyed by a third party as a result of business transaction. Third parties include any individual, property owner or an organisation or a resource that is indirectly affected. If a positive externality in consumption is present in a market, then the private benefit from a consumption will be different than the social benefit from consumption.
Answer:
The correct answer is C
Explanation:
Data model is the model which is represented the data in a formal way and that could be used as well as created through the business system. This model organize the data elements and also standardize how they link or allocate to one another and to the properties of the entities.
This model states the logical inter- relationship and the flow of data among different elements of the data comprised in the information world. And this model could be used for analysis in the logical data model and for design as a physical data model.
