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Nady [450]
3 years ago
5

Predict whether the changes in enthalpy, entropy, and free energy will be positive or negative for the boiling of water, and exp

lain your predictions. How does temperature affect the spontaneity of this process?
Chemistry
1 answer:
Sedbober [7]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

ΔH > 0; ΔS >0; ΔG = 0

Not spontaneous when T < 100 °C;

         Equilibrium when T = 100 °C

      Spontaneous when T > 100 °C

Step-by-step explanation:

The process is

H₂O(ℓ) ⇌ H₂O(g)

ΔH > 0 (positive), because we must <em>add heat</em> to boil water

ΔS > 0 (positive), because changing from a liquid to a gas i<em>ncreases the disorder </em>

ΔG = 0, because the liquid-vapour equilibrium process is at <em>equilibrium</em> at 100 °C

ΔG = ΔH – TΔS

Both ΔH and ΔS are positive.

If T = 100 °C, ΔG =0. ΔH = TΔS, and the system is at equilibrium.


If T < 100 °C, the ΔH term will predominate, because T has decreased below the equilibrium value.

ΔG > 0. The process is not spontaneous below 100 °C.


If T > 100 °C, the TΔS term will predominate, because T has increased above the equilibrium value.

ΔG < 0. The process is spontaneous above 100 °C.

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3 years ago
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Over the years, the thermite reaction has been used for years to welding railroad nails, in cendiary bombs, and to ignite solid
koban [17]

Answer:

A. 109.61 g of Fe₂O₃

B. 36.99 g of Al

C. Maximum mass of Al₂O₃ produced is 69.90 g

Explanation:

The balanced equation for the reaction is given below:

Fe₂O₃ (s) + 2Al (s) → 2Fe (l) + Al₂O₃ (s)

Next, we shall determine the masses of Fe₂O₃ and Al that reacted and the masses of Fe and Al₂O₃ produced from the balanced equation. This can be obtained as follow:

Molar mass of Fe₂O₃ = (2×56) + (3×16)

= 112 + 48 = 160 g/mol

Mass of Fe₂O₃ from the balanced equation = 1 × 160 = 160 g

Molar mass of Al = 27 g/mol

Mass of Al from the balanced equation = 2 × 27 = 54 g

Molar mass of Fe = 56 g/mol

Mass of Fe from the balanced equation = 2 × 56 = 112 g

Molar mass of Al₂O₃ = (2×27) + (3×16)

= 54 + 48 = 102 g/mol

Mass of Al₂O₃ from the balanced equation = 1 × 102 = 102 g

SUMMARY:

From the balanced equation above,

160 g of Fe₂O₃ reacted with 54 g of Al to produce 112 g of Fe and 102 g of Al₂O₃

A. Determination of the mass of iron(III) oxide, Fe₂O₃, needed to produce 76.73 g of iron, Fe.

From the balanced equation above,

160 g of Fe₂O₃ reacted to produce 112 g of Fe.

Therefore, Xg of Fe₂O₃ will react to produce 76.73 g of Fe i.e

Xg of Fe₂O₃ = (160 × 76.73)/112

Xg of Fe₂O₃ = 109.61 g

Thus, 109.61 g of Fe₂O₃ is needed to produce 76.73 g of Fe.

B. Determination of the mass of aluminum, Al, to produce 76.72 g of iron, Fe.

From the balanced equation above,

54 g of Al reacted to produce 112 g of Fe.

Therefore, Xg of Al will react to produce 76.72 g of Fe i.e

Xg of Al = (54 × 76.72)/112

Xg of Al = 36.99 g

Thus, 36.99 g of Al is needed to produce 76.72 g of Fe.

C. Determination of the maximum mass of aluminum oxide, Al₂O₃, produced along with 76.75 g Fe.

We'll begin by calculating the mass of Fe₂O₃ needed to produce 76.75 g of Fe. This is illustrated below:

From the balanced equation above,

160 g of Fe₂O₃ reacted to produce 112 g of Fe.

Therefore, Xg of Fe₂O₃ will react to produce 76.75 g of Fe i.e

Xg of Fe₂O₃ = (160 × 76.75)/112

Xg of Fe₂O₃ = 109.64 g

Thus, 109.64 g of Fe₂O₃ is needed to produce 76.75 g of Fe.

Finally, we shall determine the maximum mass of Al₂O₃ produced along with 76.75 g Fe. this can be obtained as follow:

From the balanced equation above,

160 g of Fe₂O₃ reacted 102 g of Al₂O₃.

Therefore, 109.64 g of Fe₂O₃ will react to produce = (109.64 × 102)/160 = 69.90 g of Al₂O₃.

Thus, the maximum mass of Al₂O₃ produced is 69.90 g

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2 years ago
How many mL of 2.5 M K2SO4 are required to obtain 1.25 grams of the compound?
saul85 [17]

2.87mL of 2.5 M K2SO4 are required to obtain 1.25 grams of the compound.

<h3>HOW TO CALCULATE VOLUME?</h3>

The volume of a substance can be calculated by dividing the number of moles of the substance by its molarity. That is;

volume = no. of moles ÷ molarity

According to this question, 2.5M K2SO4 are required to obtain 1.25 grams of the compound. The volume can be calculated as follows:

Molar mass of K2SO4 = 174.26 g/mol

moles of K2SO4 = 1.25g ÷ 174.26g/mol

moles of K2SO4 = 0.00717moles

Volume = 0.00717moles ÷ 2.5

Volume = 0.00287 L = 2.87mL.

Therefore, 2.87mL of 2.5 M K2SO4 are required to obtain 1.25 grams of the compound.

Learn more about volume at: brainly.com/question/1578538

6 0
2 years ago
What dose the wave carry
pogonyaev

Answer:

Waves carry energy from one place to another.

Because waves carry energy,some waves are used for communication,eg radio and television waves and mobile telephone signals.

Explanation:

i hope it helps

that's my answer

correct me if im wrong

<h3>#<em><u>c</u></em><em><u>a</u></em><em><u>r</u></em><em><u>r</u></em><em><u>y</u></em><em><u>o</u></em><em><u>n</u></em><em><u>l</u></em><em><u>e</u></em><em><u>a</u></em><em><u>r</u></em><em><u>n</u></em><em><u>i</u></em><em><u>n</u></em><em><u>g</u></em></h3>
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