Group building and maintenance roles are those related to the functioning of a group as a an actual group. Their main purpose is to alter or maintain how the group works, and these roles are are referred to as group/team building or maintenance roles: they help build a group-centered identity. Out of the following, encourager, follower and gatekeeper are group building and maintenance roles.
Encourager: its main function is to be the group or team’s cheerleader. An encourager stimulates people to come up with new ideas, and then compliments the group or team members on the ideas they were able to generate. They foster an environment where any kind of ideas and suggestions are welcomed.
Follower: followers are individuals who try not to jeopardize the harmony the group. They are often passive, limiting their role to just observing the group’s decision processes and serving as an audience for said process during group discussions.
Gatekeeper: gatekeepers ensure that every participants is able to be freely and openly involved in the group’s decision-making. Gatekeepers usually encourage people who are have lost the point in a discussion to finally arrive at their decision, and encourage those who are more reticent to voice their opinions to participate in the decision-making process.
<span>The best way to determing who is approaching before seeing them is to rely on other senses. For example, if your uncle never showers then you might be able to smell him even if you can't see him coming. In some cases it may also be possible to tell who is approaching by relying on knowledge about their habits. For example, if someone is coming through the door at six o'clock, and your father usually comes by at that time, then that person is probably your father.</span>
Answer:
Law of Effect.
Explanation:
Edward L. Thorndike (1874-1949) was an American psychologist and researcher, and one of the pioneers of behavioral psychology. Thorndike's experiments with cats led him to discover a psychological pattern he called the Law of Effect. According to this law, if faced with similar or recurring situations, we tend to repeat the behaviors that resulted in satisfying or positive consequences, while we don't tend to repeat the behaviors that resulted in unpleasant or negative consequences. One application of this principle was a learning method based on rewards and punishments called operant conditioning, developed by another well-known American psychologist and author, B. F. Skinner, in the early 20th century.
By about 2050, the <u>elderly</u> populations in <u>low income countries</u> are expected to boom.
It is expected that in the next thirty years, the world's population would increase by 2 billion persons, that is, become 9.7 billion instead of the present 7.7 billion.
The older population is increasing because of the increased life expectancy as well as the falling fertility levels. Several countries are experiencing a reduction in population size and their number keeps on increasing.
This change eventually has a major impact on the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals or the SDGs, which are the globally agreed targets to achieve economic stability over years.
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Division of labor and specialization, which were promoted to a large extent by Henry Ford and Frederick W. Taylor with the goal of increasing productivity and efficiency, contribute to economic growth because the worker, by being specialized, executes one, and the same, task or job over and over again, and, as a result, the final product or service is cheaper, of higher quality, and is produced in a shorter amount of time.
It was the Scottish economist and philosopher Adam Smith (1723-1790) the one that established that division of labor and specialization were the basis of productivity growth and wealth.
