Answer:
Chemically altered nucleosides derived from canonical ribo-or deoxyribonucleoside-derivatives of adenosine, cytosine, guanosine, and uridine or thymidine are found in all types of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA. They are particularly abundant in noncoding RNAs, such as transfer RNAs and ribosomal RNA of higher organisms. By increasing the structural diversity of nucleic acids, modified nucleosides play important roles in gene expression and in regulating many aspects of RNA functions. They also contribute to nucleic acid stability and to protection of genetic materials against virus aggression. In this chapter we present a historical overview of the discovery, occurrence, and diversity of the many naturally occurring modified nucleosides that are present in both DNA and RNA of diverse organisms. We also briefly describe the different enzymes that accomplish these nucleic acid ‘decorations’. More information about the structure, function, biosynthesis and evolutionary aspects of selected modified nucleosides in DNA and RNA and their corresponding modification enzymes can be found elsewhere in this volume.
Explanation:
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The effects of fatigue are not classified as learning because they are not permanent effects.
Answer:
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Explanation:
The correct answer is A (Automobiles).
Particulate matter is a complex mixture of extremely small particles and liquid droplets.
One of the major components of particulate matter is sulphate usually coming from sulphur dioxide found in exhaust fumes that have been produced by automobiles . Other components are nitrates , ammonia, sodium chloride and black carbon.
Other components of particulate matter come from dust, soot, smoke, industrial emissions.
Particulate matter is one of the most common contributor to air pollution.
