Radiation is the flow of energy by means of electromagnetic waves.
Answer:
(a). The strength of the magnetic field is 0.1933 T.
(b). The magnetic flux through the loop is zero.
Explanation:
Given that,
Radius = 11.9 cm
Magnetic flux 
(a). We need to calculate the strength of the magnetic field
Using formula of magnetic flux





Put the value into the formula


(b). If the magnetic field is directed parallel to the plane of the loop,
We need to calculate the magnetic flux through the loop
Using formula of flux

Here, 


Hence, (a). The strength of the magnetic field is 0.1933 T.
(b). The magnetic flux through the loop is zero.
Answer: Rock require larger drag force and to achieve it rock need to move at a very high terminal velocity.
Explanation: Terminal velocity is defined as the final velocity attained by an object falling under the gravity. At this moment weight is balanced by the air resistance or drag force and body falls with zero acceleration i.e. with a constant velocity.
Case 1: Terminal velocity of a piece of tissue paper.
The weight of tissue paper is very less and it experiences an air resistance while falling downward under the effect of gravity.
Downward gravitational force, F = mg
Upward air resistance or friction or drag force will be 
So, paper will attain terminal velocity when mg =
Case 2: Rock is very heavy and require larger air resistance to balance the weight of rock relative to the tissue paper case.
Downward force on rock, F = Mg
Drag force =
Rock will attain terminal velocity when Mg =
Mg > mg
so,
>
And rock require larger drag force and to achieve it rock need to move at a very high terminal velocity.