Answer:
C) Index of refraction
Explanation:
Index of refraction also known as refractive index is defined as speed of light in a vacuum divided by the speed of light in a given material.
The formula for Index of refraction is:
n = c ÷ v
where n represents Index of refraction,
c represents speed of light in a vacuum,
v represents speed of light in a given material.
The speed and direction of light changes when it moves from one medium to another. The change in direction is basically called refraction.
Answer:
Avogadro's law.
Explanation:
Avogadro’s law states that, equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules.
Mathematically,
V n
V = Kn where V = volume in cm3, dm3, ml or L; n = number of moles of gas;
K = mathematical constant.
The ideal gas equation is a combination of Boyle's law, Charles' law and Avogadro’s law.
V 1/P at constant temperature (Boyle’s law)
V T at constant pressure ( Charles’law)
V n at constant temperature and pressure ( Avogadro’s law )
Combining the equations yields,
V nT/P
Introducing a constant,
V = nRT/P
PV = nRT
Where P = pressure in atm, Pa, torr, mmHg or Nm-2; V = volume in cm3, dm3, ml or L; T = temperature in Kelvin; n = number of moles of gas in mol; R = molar gas constant = 0.082 dm3atmK-1mol-1
The final momentum of the body is equal to 120 Kg.m/s.
<h3>What is momentum?</h3>
Momentum can be described as the multiplication of the mass and velocity of an object. Momentum is a vector quantity as it carries magnitude and direction.
If m is an object's mass and v is its velocity then the object's momentum p is:
. The S.I. unit of measurement of momentum is kg⋅m/s, which is equivalent to the N.s.
Given the initial momentum of the body = Pi = 20 Kg.m/s
The force acting on the body, Pf = 25 N
The time, Δt = 4-0 = 4s
The Force is equal to the change in momentum: F ×Δt = ΔP
25 × 4 = P - 20
100 = P - 20
P = 100 + 20 = 120 Kg.m/s
Therefore, the final momentum of a body is 120 Kg.m/s.
Learn more about momentum, here:
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The refractive index for glycerine is

, while for air it is

.
When the light travels from a medium with greater refractive index to a medium with lower refractive index, there is a critical angle over which there is no refraction, but all the light is reflected. This critical angle is given by:

where n1 and n2 are the refractive indices of the two mediums. If we susbtitute the refractive index of glycerine and air in the formula, we find the critical angle for this case: