Answer:
When considering phase changes, the closer molecules are to one another, the stronger the intermolecular forces. Good! For any given substance, intermolecular forces will be greatest in the solid state and weakest in the gas state.
In the case of melting, added energy is used to break the bonds between the molecules. ... If heat is coming into a substance during a phase change, then this energy is used to break the bonds between the molecules of the substance. The example we will use here is ice melting into water.
We can rearrange the ideal gas equation:
PV = nRT, where n is the number of moles equivalent to:
n = mass / Mr
PV = mRT/Mr
m/V = PMr/RT
density = PMr / RT; where Mr and R are constant.
Each Be–Cl bond is polar because the two atoms have different electronegativities. The number of outer atoms (2) and lone pairs on the central atom (0) indicate that this molecule has a linear geometry. The bonds in a linear molecule are symmetric, and so their dipoles cancel out.
Each O–H bond is polar because the two atoms have different electronegativities. The number of outer atoms (2) and lone pairs on the central atom (2) indicate that this molecule has a bent geometry. The bonds in a bent molecule are asymmetric, and so their dipoles do not cancel out. In addition, the asymmetric arrangement of the lone pairs on O further contribute to the dipole of this molecule.
An O–O or O=O bond is nonpolar because the two atoms have the same electronegativity. Because there is no overall polarity in O2, the molecule is nonpolar.