Answers and Explanation:
a)- The chemical equation for the corresponden equilibrium of Ka1 is:
2. HNO2(aq)⇌H+(aq)+NO−2
Because Ka1 correspond to a dissociation equilibrium. Nitrous acid (HNO₂) losses a proton (H⁺) and gives the monovalent anion NO₂⁻.
b)- The relation between Ka and the free energy change (ΔG) is given by the following equation:
ΔG= ΔGº + RT ln Q
Where T is the temperature (T= 25ºc= 298 K) and R is the gases constant (8.314 J/K.mol)
At the equilibrium: ΔG=0 and Q= Ka. So, we can calculate ΔGº by introducing the value of Ka:
⇒ 0 = ΔGº + RT ln Ka
ΔGº= - RT ln Ka
ΔGº= -8.314 J/K.mol x 298 K x ln (4.5 10⁻⁴)
ΔGº= 19092.8 J/mol
c)- According to the previous demonstation, at equilibrium ΔG= 0.
d)- In a non-equilibrium condition, we have Q which is calculated with the concentrations of products and reactions in a non equilibrium state:
ΔG= ΔGº + RT ln Q
Q= ((H⁺) (NO₂⁻))/(HNO₂)
Q= ( (5.9 10⁻² M) x (6.7 10⁻⁴ M) ) / (0.21 M)
Q= 1.88 10⁻⁴
We know that ΔGº= 19092.8 J/mol, so:
ΔG= ΔGº + RT ln Q
ΔG= 19092.8 J/mol + (8.314 J/K.mol x 298 K x ln (1.88 10⁻⁴)
ΔG= -2162.4 J/mol
Notice that ΔG<0, so the process is spontaneous in that direction.
Water is produce bases and says
I think the answer would be
A. They find the number of protons
Answer:
2.At a given temperature, the KE of all gases is the same.KE depends only on Kelvin temperature
Explanation:
The kinetic molecular theory of gases provides a succint expalantion and insight into the behaviour of gases. The assumptions of the theory are stated below:
- Gases are made up of large number of identical molecules which are moving at different speeds.
- Spaces occupied by molecules of gases are negligible compared to the volume of the container.
- Molecules of gases are independent of one another.
- The molecules collide with themselves and the walls of the container elastically.
- The temperature of a gas is a measure of only the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Answer:
Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each are <u>diasteroisomer</u> . The chemical and physical properties of two <u>diasteroisomers</u> are different. Isomers that differ only in the way atoms are oriented in space are <u>Stereoisomers</u> . Achiral compounds that contain tetrahedral stereogenic centers are <u>meso</u> <u>isomers</u> . Isomers that differ in the way the atoms are connected to each other are <u>structural</u> <u>isomer</u> . Stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other are <u>enantiomers</u> . The chemical and physical properties of two <u>enantiomers</u> are identical except in their interaction with chiral substances.
Explanation:
Diasteroisomers are differentiated by the spatial arrangement of atoms, but they are not specular images so they are not enantiomers. In order for two molecules to be diastereoisomers, they must have at least two chiral centers. In one of the centers the substituents are arranged equally in both molecules and in the other they must change.
Enantiomers are specular images but are not superimposable. They have the ability to rotate the polarized light plane
The stereoisomers present the same molecular formula but different spatial rearrangement between their atoms, we can mention the cis and trans isomers where the cis isomers are on the same side of the plane and the trans isomers on opposite sides. They are also known as geometric isomers.
Meso compounds always have more than one asymmetric center and are aquiral. They are distinguished because they present a plane of symmetry.
Structural isomers are those that have different connectivity between their atoms. We can differentiate, for example, metoximethane from ethanol. They will always have the same molecular formula.
