Answer:
Option (a) and (b) are considered or correct.
Explanation:
Under the following two conditions, a firm in a perfectly competitive market produces at a point where the marginal revenue is equal to the marginal cost:
(i) Minimum AVC < Price < minimum ATC : Yes
In this case, a firm may suffer a loss but it will be able to cover its minimum average variable cost. Hence, this firm continue operating in this market and if he shut down its operation then he may suffer a larger loss. Therefore, it chooses to continue operating under this market conditions.
(ii) Price > minimum ATC : Yes
In this case, the price received by the seller is greater than the minimum average total cost. Therefore, the firm is able to cover all of its cost of production and earning an economic profit. Hence, it obviously chooses to continue its operation.
The third option is not considered here because in this case, the firm won't be able to cover its variable cost.
Answer:
Amount for each stock to be paid at maximum = $54
Explanation:
Using Dividend growth model, we have,
Where 
= Expected price of share today
= Dividend to be paid at this year end
= 
= Required return on investment
g = Growth rate
Therefore,
= = $3 + 8% = $3.24
= $54
Therefore, current price for this share or sock to be paid = $54 per share.
Answer:
Possible causes of material quantity variance:
1. The use of sub-standard material
2. The use of unskilled labour
3. Wastage of material
Explanation:
Material quantity variance is the difference between standard quantity and actual quantity used multiplied by standard price. The use of sub-standard material reduces the quality of output thereby resulting to unfavorable material quantity variance. The use of unskilled labour also leads to unfavorable material quantity variance. Wastage of material due to low quality of inputs also results to unfavorable material quantity variance.
