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The sponge-like structure, as well as the high salt content of water and the <span>ease of contaminating water contribute to the environmental stress on a coral reef.
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A reinforcement schedule is a pattern that defines how often a desired response will be reinforced.<span>
</span>A variable-ratio schedule <span>is a schedule of reinforcement where a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses.</span>
<span>Fixed-interval schedules on the other hand reinforce behaviors after set time periods.</span>
Answer:
Explanation:
Environmental changes occurs from time to time, we have the short term changes that do not last for a very long time and the long term changes that last for a while. Accumulate of short term changes can extend to long term as some of the long term effects are as a results of short term changes in the environment.
Short term environment changes can be favourable to some organism and adversely affect others. Raining season causes increase in growth and development of most plant species but a long period of drought and dryness makes its hard for some plant to strive while some plants can strive well in long period of drought. This makes the two changes different, the both have individual effects on plants response.
Answer;
Decision making and emotion; memory and visual processing
Explanation;
Cingulate Cortex is a subcortical structure above the corpus callosum. its anterior (Forward) segment participates in decision making and emotion, and its posterior (rear) segment participates in memory and visual processing.
-The forward 2/3 of this structure, the ACC: anterior cingulate cortex- participates along with the hypothalamus in the control of the autonomic nervous system (also roles in decision making, emotion, anticipation of reward, and empathy)
The rear third, PCC: Posterior cingulate cortex participates in memory and visual processing.
