Through secretory pathway or cytosolic protein through cytosolic pathway.
The cytosol consists mostly of water, dissolved ions, small molecules, and large water-soluble molecules (such as proteins). The majority of these non-protein molecules have a molecular mass of less than 300 Da. Membrane proteins are inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by two highly conserved parallel pathways. The well-studied co-translational pathway uses signal recognition particle (SRP) and its receptor for targeting and the SEC61 translocation for membrane integration.
However, mRNAs that encode cytosolic proteins can also be translated by ER-bound ribosomes. Thus, a large fraction of the proteome can be translated by ER-associated ribosomes. Such a diverse and selective translation of mRNAs redefines this ubiquitous organelle as a primary site of proteome synthesis in the cell.
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Answer:
Connect the centromere to microtubules. (Option A)
Explanation:
The kinetochore is known as the complex of protein which is disc shape in structure. The structure of kinetochore is divided into three parts: inner region, outer region, and fibrous corona. Each part of the kinetochore works in its own way in the separation of the sister chromatids.
During the process of cell division (mitosis, and meiosis) kinetochore collects on the centromere and allows the chromosome to link with microtubules.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
The neuroendocrine system is made up of the cell in the body that ‘sit’ between the nervous system and the endocrine system. These cells are like the pituitary gland, islets cells of the pancreas, thyroids, and etcetera. They receive nerve impulses from nerves connected to them. The impulse then triggers them to release respective hormones into the blood.
Proteins that are functionally less important for the survival of an organism generally evolve faster than more important proteins.
Proteins serve as the building blocks for all of life's essential processes. The proteins evolve along with the genes that create them, adding new functionality or features that may potentially result in the development of new species.
The mutation of amino acid-coding nucleotides and the stabilization of novel variations in the population are the two phases required for protein evolution.
The stability of a protein's folded structure, how well it prevents aggregation, and how well it is chaperoned all affect how quickly it evolves. According to the studies, the degree of a protein's expression has a greater influence on its evolutionary rate than does the protein's functional significance.
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The nitrogen in the air cannot be used by producers and consumers. It must be fixed or converted by bacteria in the ground into a useable form for plants called nitrates. Some plants called legumes (beans and clover) actually have bacteria in their roots.
