1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
VladimirAG [237]
3 years ago
5

We want to transmit 40 packets and the following packets are getting lost, 3,9, 25,28, 35. How many rounds are needed if

Computers and Technology
1 answer:
viktelen [127]3 years ago
8 0

TCP congestion control refers to how the transport layer controls congestion. Usually, the congestion occurs due to: i) packet loss and ii) network traffic. To avoid this, we use three types of algorithm

1. Slow Start

2. Additive Increase

3. Multiplicative decrease

<u>Explanation:</u>

Now, in AIMD (Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease) the packets are sent to the receiver and are increased or decreased exponentially. The additive increase is used to increase the bandwidth of the congestion window. multiplicative decreases are used whenever there is a packet loss. There is a mathematical formula that defines AIMD.

W (t+1) = {  W(t)+a if congestion is not detected , W(t) * b if congestion is detected }

Where W(t) is sending rate, a is a parameter for additive increase and b is a parameter for the multiplicative decrease. With this formula, we can calculate that in how many rounds can the packets being transferred.

Slow Start is also an algorithm that is used to maintain the speed of a network. It gradually increases the data transferred to the receiver until it reaches the size of the congestion window. First, the sender will send the data packets to the receiver. It will send the initial data packets within the size of the sender’s size of the congestion window and awaits the acknowledgment from the receiver.

If no acknowledgment comes, the sender will not send any more data. Otherwise, the receiver will send back the acknowledgment within its on size. The sender will next send data packets increasing the size. This process goes on until there is no acknowledgment from the receiver or either senders or the receiver’s congestion window is filled.  

You might be interested in
You need to know the MAC address of a Windows 8 computer. How can you accomplish this?
Gre4nikov [31]

1.press window key + R

2.type cmd and press enter

3. write "ipconfig /all" without quotes and press enter

4. look for physical address word

that's your Mac address

6 0
3 years ago
Which tab is used to insert a hyperlink onto a slide
Roman55 [17]
The tab used to instead a Hyperlink into a slide is the Insert tab under the “Links” group.
5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
I need help pleaseeee
MrRissso [65]

Answer:

Explanation:

I  ....

6 0
3 years ago
2. Write a simple program in C++ to investigate the safety of its enumeration types. Include at least 10 different operations on
erastovalidia [21]

Answer:

Check the explanation

Explanation:

To solve the question above, we will be doing some arithmetic and bit wise operations on enum values. in addition to that, we are asserting the array with INTCOUNT  and also printing the size of array i.e 12 and we are adding BIG_COUNT enum value to 5 and the result is 25.

#include<stdio.h>

enum EnumBits

{

ONE = 1,

TWO = 2,

FOUR = 4,

EIGHT = 8

};

enum Randoms

{

BIG_COUNT = 20,

INTCOUNT = 3

};

int main()

{

// Basic Mathimatical operations

printf("%d\n",(ONE + TWO)); //addition

printf("%d\n",(FOUR - TWO)); //subtraction

printf("%d\n",(TWO * EIGHT)); //multiplication

printf("%d\n",(EIGHT / TWO)); //division

// Some bitwise operations

printf("%d\n",(ONE | TWO)); //bitwise OR

printf("%d\n",(TWO & FOUR)); //bitwise AND

printf("%d\n",(TWO ^ EIGHT)); //bitwise XOR

printf("%d\n",(EIGHT << 1)); //left shift operator

printf("%d\n",(EIGHT >> 1)); //right shift operator

// Initialize an array based upon an enum value

int intArray[INTCOUNT]; // declaring array

// Have a value initialized be initialized to a static value plus

int someVal = 5 + BIG_COUNT; //adding constant and BIG_COUNT variable

printf("%d\n",someVal); //value will be 25

printf("%d",sizeof(intArray)); //value will be 12

return 0;

}

Kindly check the attached image below for the Code and Output Screenshots:

6 0
3 years ago
Write a python program to read four numbers (representing the four octets of an IP) and print the next five IP addresses. Be sur
sdas [7]

Answer:

first_octet = int(input("Enter the first octet: "))

second_octet = int(input("Enter the second octet: "))

third_octet = int(input("Enter the third octet: "))

forth_octet = int(input("Enter the forth octet: "))

octet_start = forth_octet + 1

octet_end = forth_octet + 6

if (1 <= first_octet <= 255) and (0 <= second_octet <= 255) and (0 <= third_octet <= 255) and (0 <= forth_octet <= 255):

   for ip in range(octet_start, octet_end):

       forth_octet = forth_octet + 1

       if forth_octet > 255:

           forth_octet = (forth_octet % 255) - 1

           third_octet = third_octet + 1

           if third_octet > 255:

               third_octet = (third_octet % 255) - 1

               second_octet = second_octet + 1

               if second_octet > 255:

                   second_octet = (second_octet % 255) - 1

                   first_octet = first_octet + 1

                   if first_octet > 255:

                       print("No more available IP!")

                       break

       print(str(first_octet) + "." + str(second_octet) + "." + str(third_octet) + "." + str(forth_octet))

else:

   print("Invalid input!")

Explanation:

- Ask the user for the octets

- Initialize the start and end points of the loop, since we will be printing next 5 IP range is set accordingly

- Check if the octets meet the restrictions

- Inside the loop, increase the forth octet by 1 on each iteration

- Check if octets reach the limit - 255, if they are greater than 255, calculate the mod and subtract 1. Then increase the previous octet by 1.

For example, if the input is: 1. 1. 20. 255, next ones will be:

1. 1. 21. 0

1. 1. 21. 1

1. 1. 21. 2

1. 1. 21. 3

1. 1. 21. 4

There is an exception for the first octet, if it reaches 255 and others also reach 255, this means there are no IP available.

- Print the result

8 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • Display flight number, origin, destination, fl_orig_time as --"Departure Time", fl_dest_time as "Arrival Time". Format times in
    8·1 answer
  • 7.12 LAB: Contains the character
    12·2 answers
  • To close the ____ view, click File on the Ribbon or click the preview of the document in the Info gallery to return to the docum
    9·1 answer
  • In 1-2 sentences, describe how to change the font.
    8·2 answers
  • What is the first and last value of i to be displayed by the following code snippet? int n = 20; for (int i = 0; i &lt;= n; i++)
    10·1 answer
  • One acre of Land is equivalent to 43,560 square feet. Write a program that ask the user to enter the total square feet of a piec
    5·1 answer
  • Which of the following is true of information systems?
    15·1 answer
  • Imagine a machine that produces an output force that is five times larger
    11·1 answer
  • Yaaaaaa.........
    7·2 answers
  • The equals method of the Object class returns true only if the two objects being compared:_________
    15·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!