Given question is incomplete. Complete question has been attached.
Answer:
C. Excessive potassium has diffused out causing hyperpolarization.
Explanation:
The nerve action potential can be divided into following stages:
- Stimulus is detected by the cell in resting stage.
- Sodium channels in the membrane open from where influx of sodium ions occur which is called depolarization
- After a while, sodium channels close and potassium channels open from where efflux of potassium ions occur which is called repolarization.
- The membrane potential further lowers due to continous efflux of potassium ions which is called hyperpolarization.
- After a while potassium channels close and membrane returns to its resting stage.
In the given figure, stage 4 depicts hyperpolarization because the membrane potential has dropped to the lowest point below -70mV. Hence, option C is correct.
Two substances in the body that will move based on the principle of diffusion are CARBON DIOXIDE AND OXYGEN.
Diffusion is the process by which molecules of a substance move from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration. Carbon dioxide and oxygen can easily move in an out of the cell via diffusion.<span />
Answer:
golgi tendon and muscle spindle
Because the three-horned alien is heterozygous, we know that three must be dominant to four, because the gene for the three horns is "hiding" the gene for four horns. Therefore, the three-horned alien has the genotype Tt (T for three horns, and t for four horns). The four horned alien must be tt, because that is the only way that a recessive trait may be seen. If you solve the punnet square on a cross between Tt and tt, you end up with half three (heterozygous) and half four (homozygous recessive) it is a bit easier to explain with something a little "closer to home" if you want me to explain it again, just say so, I don't mind!
Answer:
Neutrophils help fight infections because they ingest microorganisms and secrete enzymes that destroy them. A neutrophil is a type of white blood cell, a type of granulocyte and a type of phagocyte.
Explanation:
Neutrophils display adhesion glycoproteins on their surface to bind endothelial and subendothelial structures. They move randomly until they find a damaged site. Unless neutrophils are activated, endothelial cells do not tend to adhere. When inflammation mediators (IL-1, FNT) activate endothelial cells, they express P-selectin and E-selectin on the surface. The expression of glycoproteins and L-selectin cause the initial adhesion of the non-stimulated neutrophil to the activated endothelium, slowing it down by rolling it over the endothelium. Activated endothelial cells, opsonized particles, immune complexes, FEC-G, FEC-GM and chemoattractants produce factors that stimulate neutrophil activation. Expressing β2 integrin (endothelium adhesion molecule) Neutrophils expand and form pseudopods. Neutrophil activation also promotes degranulation, superoxide generation, and arachidonate metabolite production.
