Answer:
Option C, traits can be dominant or recessive, and the recessive traits were obscured by the dominant ones in the F1.
Explanation:
Complete question-
Mendel accounted for the observation that traits which had disappeared in the F1 generation reappeared in the F2 generation by proposing that
Select one:
a. new mutations were frequently generated in the F2 progeny, "reinventing" traits that had been lost in the F1.
b. the mechanism controlling the appearance of traits was different between the F1 and the F2 plants.
c. traits can be dominant or recessive, and the recessive traits were obscured by the dominant ones in the F1.
d. the traits were lost in the F1 due to dominance of the parental traits.
e. members of the F1 generation had only one allele for each trait, but members of the F2 had two alleles for each trait.
Solution -
In the Mendel’s experiment, some traits which were absent in the F1 generation appeared in the second generation cross. By this he concluded, that the traits exressed in the F1 generation were dominant and hence they capped the expression of traits associated witl recessive allele. He classified the traits in F2 generation as recessive, because these traits can occur only when they are in pair i.e they form individuals with homozygous recessive genotype.
For instance – If “R” is allele for dominant red color trait and “r” is the allele for recessive white color trait, then the cross between true breeding red flowers and white flowers will produce following offspring
RR * rr
Rr, Rr, Rr, Rr
Thus, in F1 generation all the offspring are heterozygous red
F2 generation-
Rr * Rr
RR, Rr, Rr, rr
The recessive trait of white colored flower reappears in second generation.
Hence, option C is correct
The major features of
schizoaffective disorder which clearly delineate it from schizophrenia are marked
symptoms of schizophrenia coupled with major depressive episode or manic
episode. Both schizoaffective disorder and schizophrenia are primary psychotic
disorders.
Should I Become a Genetic Counselor?
Genetic counselors help educate people about their chances of inheriting genetic disorders or diseases using information from a patient's family medical history. They explain possible testing options and provide support to patients and family members. They also might educate other healthcare professionals, students, and the public about genetic disorders. Sharing potentially upsetting results with clients can be stressful.
Career Requirements
Degree Level Master's degree
Degree Field Genetic counseling, biology, psychology, or related field
Licensure and Certification Certification is required by some employers; licensing is required by many states
Experience Experience requirements vary by employer, but generally the minimum is two years
Key Skills Excellent writing, communication, and decision-making skills; knowledge of human mutation databases and genome browsers; knowledge of Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS) nomenclature
Median Salary (2015) $72,090
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Steps to Become a Genetic Counselor
Step 1: Earn a Bachelor's Degree
A bachelor's degree in biology or a healthcare-related field typically is a requirement for enrolling in a genetic counseling master's degree program. These programs provide students with the science and math knowledge needed for a career in genetic counseling. Coursework focused in genetics, biochemistry, and statistics is valuable to future genetic counselors.
Some schools offer internships or summer programs for students interested in genetic counseling. These programs provide students with a chance to gain experience at clinics or hospitals and prepare them for a graduate degree program. Also consider doing volunteer work or providing counseling. Performing work for a crisis hotline or reproductive counseling service can help provide the skills and qualifications needed for a graduate program in genetic counseling.
Step 2: Earn a Master's Degree
A master's degree in genetic counseling usually is required for genetic counselor positions. These programs typically provide coursework in human genetics, lab work, counseling, and research. Students develop the skills needed to research, counsel, and consult with patients, their families, and members of the healthcare community to provide information on genetic conditions. Admission requirements usually include a bachelor's degree with credits in genetics, biochemistry, and statistics. Some schools require applicants to have performed some type of counseling work.
Step 3: Get Certified/Licensed
The American Board of Genetic Counselors (ABGC) offers a certification program. This certification is technically voluntary; however, some states require it for licensing, and some employers prefer it. In addition, some states require genetic counselors to become licensed before performing work with the public. Certification requirements include completion of a graduate degree program in genetic counseling through an ABGC-accredited program and passage of a written exam. ABGC certification can serve as proof of competency and give job candidates an edge in employment.
Step 4: Gain Work Experience
Entry-level positions allow genetic counselors to work under supervision, assessing patients, and providing counseling. More advanced positions allow genetic counselors to work independently at these duties, in addition to performing research and providing education to the public and healthcare professionals. The National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) provides individuals with online education resources and opportunities to network with other members of the field. Courses go over self-marketing, mentoring, and instructional guides on starting a clinic.
Genetic Counselors need a field-specific master's degree, and certification and state licensure might be required.
