3. A full octet (8 electrons) is needed to be stable. So if the atom gets 3 more atoms it will be stable.
I think it’s a not for sure
The total heat required to convert the ice to steam is 155,000 J.
The given parameters:
- <em>Mass of the ice, m = 50 g</em>
- <em>Initial temperature of the ice, t = -10 ⁰C</em>
- <em>Final temperature of the ice, T = 0⁰C, 100⁰C and 120⁰C</em>
- <em>Specific heat capacity of water = 4.184 J/g⁰C</em>
- <em>Heat of fusion of ice, = 333.55 J/g</em>
- <em>Heat of vaporization, = 2,230 J/g</em>
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The heat required to raise the temperature to 0⁰C is calculated as;

The heat required to melt the ice is calculated as follows;

The heat raise the temperature to 100⁰C is calculated as;

The heat required to boil the water is calculated as follows;

The heat raise the temperature to 120⁰C is calculated as;

The total heat required is calculated as follows;

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HCO3-
Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogen carbonate), is commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3. It is a salt composed of a sodium cation (Na+) and a bicarbonate anion (HCO3−). Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline, but often appears as a fine powder.
Answer:
Solution III < Solution II < Solution I < Solution IV
Explanation:
I)
Due to the rate of neutralization is 1 mol of NaOH with 1 mol of HCl and that we have equal volumes of both solution with the same concentration, they neutralize each other leaving a neutral pH (pH=7). Althought, because your titrating agent is a base the equivalence point will be a bit alkaline.
II) The same as the point I) but now the titrating agent is the acid, the equivalence point will be neutral trending a bit to acid.
III) Given that we have one strong acid neutralizing a weak base solution, in the equivalence point the the pH will be acid because the HCl (strong) dissociates compleately so we will have the 0.01 mol (100 ml of 0.1 M) of HCl with 0.01 mol>CH3NH2 (because is a weak base). How much less than 0.01 mol we have? <u>It depends of the strengh of the base and the pH will also depend on that</u>.
IV) This case is similar to the last one but with a strong base and a weak acid. So with a similar deduction the pH in the equivalence point will be alkaline (pH>7). How much? It depends on the strengh of the acid.
<u>In order of increasing pH: </u>
Solution III < Solution II < Solution I < Solution IV