Answer:
Antibiotic resistance can evolved in bacterial population in the following ways:
Explanation:
- In response to constant exposure to antibiotics some members of a bacterial population develop some beneficial mutations in some essential genes that gives them survival advantage in terms of food and space over the sensitive bacterial strains and hence they are capable of out-competing the sensitive bacteria.
- This happens due to the process of Natural Selection.
- These genes are called antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria usually carry them on plasmids in form of cassettes where genes resistant to multiple drugs are incorporated. These plasmids are called the MDR or Multi-Drug Resistance Plasmids.
- These resistant plasmids can be easily transferred among bacterial populations by conjugation, transformation or transduction or direct plasmid transfer.
- The resistant genes encode for proteins that render the drug ineffective by promoting their efflux from the cells, preventing their entry into the cell, chemically modifying them such that they become non-functional or altering the target site of the drug.
el papel de NADH y FADH es dorado electrones ala cadena de transporte de elector anvos donan electrones al proporsionar una molecula de idrógeno ala molécula de oxigeno para crear agua durante la cadena de trasnporte de electrones NADH un producto tanto de la clucolisis como de los siglos de kred FADH solo se produse en el siglo krebs
espero te ayude
Nectar attracts bees and other pollinators to the flowers and then the pollen gets stuck to the pollinator. Once the pollinator goes to a different flower, the pollen that was originally on the pollinator goes onto the present flower. That is how nectar helps flowers become pollinated
Answer:
True
Explanation:
On the Mohs hardness scale, Quartz is a 7, therefore it should be able to scratch through any minerals numbered 1 through 6
Answer:
The identity of a protein has relation with its amino acid sequence. This sequence is determined by the nucleotide sequence of the DNA of the gene transcribed to RNA and translated into amino acids. Protein identity determines its structure and function. The concentration of a protein refers to the percentage of protein that exists in a given solution. One way to quantify the concentration is with a spectrophotometer calculating the absorbance of the protein.
