True, West African countries borrowed money fro the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. West African countries are developing economies which similar to other developing economies in Africa and the rest of the world have taken loans and development funds from the IMF and the World Bank.
Bank customers should reconcile their records frequently with bank statements to prevent their checks from bouncing. They should frequently check the record of their balance in the account and the transactions being made to make sure that th checks they issue will still be valid.
Answer:
we can look at this problem from 2 different point of views:
if you have francs and wish to buy pounds: then you take 12 francs and purchase 1 ounce of gold, and then you sell it for 6 pounds. This way you will only spend 2 francs per each pound instead of 2.2.
if you have pounds and want to make a gain: you take 6 pounds and purchase 13.2 francs and you then buy 1.1 ounces of gold. Then you sell the 1.1 ounces of gold in exchange for 6.6 pounds.
Any of the scenarios does not include any transaction prices nor shipping costs, it is only theoretical.
A. Lowering the interest on reserve rate.
Expansionary monetary policy increases money supply by lowering interest rates
