Answer: Double blind clinical trial
Explanation:
The situation that is seen here is double blind clinical trail in which neither the participant nor the practitioner knows who is receiving the treatment.
This is used to prevent biasing in the experiment which is caused due to demand characteristics or placebo effect.
Here, in this situation the dog handlers and the experimental observer both were blinded to identify the breath sample.
c. His history of anxious depression
Explanation:
Medical comorbidities like anxiety and depression pre and postoperatively will lead to suboptimal or poor functional outcomes after total knee arthroplasty.
Anxiety can increase the blood pressure which can lead to many postoperative complications after a TKA which in turn can result in poor outcomes from the surgery resulting in chronic pain.
A depressed patient will have a poor motivation to perform rehabilitative therapies in the postoperative period after TKA which are very vital for successful functional outcome of the operated knee. This also will lead to chronic persistent post-surgical knee pain.
Depression leads to dissatisfaction in the result after TKA which will make them feel pain.
Many studies have proved that anxiety and depressing will only lead to chronic pain syndrome among the elderly.
A tourniquet should be made slowing the bleed down and the leg needs to be elevated
