The dens or the odontoid process of the axis or the second cervical spine forms a pivot point with the atlas or the first cervical vertebrae that is responsible for the nodding and the rotational movements of the head. This is reinforced by ligaments and the atlanto-occipital joint that allows the head to make a nodding or up and down movement on the vertebral column.
Answer:
(a) 42°
Explanation:
According to the law of reflection:
Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
So, angle of reflection = 62°
Angle of incidence = 62°
For refraction,
Using Snell's law as:
Where,
is the angle of incidence ( 62.0° )
is the angle of refraction ( ? )
is the refractive index of the refraction medium (water, n=1.33)
is the refractive index of the incidence medium (air, n=1)
Hence,
Angle of refraction =
= 42°
Explanation:
Given
height of building (h)=54 m
Projectile velocity=330 m/s
initial vertical velocity
Initial horizontal velocity
Time taken to cover vertical height of 54 m



t=3.31 s
Horizontal distance traveled in this time


Vertical component of velocity when it hits the ground
v=u+at

This is called Conduction.