Any form of succession will change the environment. That's why there is succession in the first place. With each stage of succession there will be greater biodiversity that results in a change in abiotic factors like soil composition, shade, humidity, weather, exposure, etc
In other words a infinitesimal segment dV caries the charge
<span>dQ = ρ dV </span>
<span>Let dV be a spherical shell between between r and (r + dr): </span>
<span>dV = (4π/3)·( (r + dr)² - r³ ) </span>
<span>= (4π/3)·( r³ + 3·r²·dr + 3·r·(dr)² + /dr)³ - r³ ) </span>
<span>= (4π/3)·( 3·r²·dr + 3·r·(dr)² + /dr)³ ) </span>
<span>drop higher order terms </span>
<span>= 4·π·r²·dr </span>
<span>To get total charge integrate over the whole volume of your object, i.e. </span>
<span>from ri to ra: </span>
<span>Q = ∫ dQ = ∫ ρ dV </span>
<span>= ∫ri→ra { (b/r)·4·π·r² } dr </span>
<span>= ∫ri→ra { 4·π·b·r } dr </span>
<span>= 2·π·b·( ra² - ri² ) </span>
<span>With given parameters: </span>
<span>Q = 2·π · 3µC/m²·( (6cm)² - (4cm)² ) </span>
<span>= 2·π · 3×10⁻⁶C/m²·( (6×10⁻²m)² - (4×10⁻²m)² ) </span>
<span>= 3.77×10⁻⁸C </span>
<span>= 37.7nC</span>
The vertical components of velocity is 10.35 m/s and the horizontal component of velocity is 38.6 m/s
<h3>What are the components of velocity?</h3>
We know that velocity is a vector quantity, a vector often can be resolved into its components. The vertical components is V sinθ while the horizontal component is vcosθ.
Hence;
Vertical component = 40 m/s sin 15 degrees = 10.35 m/s
Horizontal component = 40 cos 15 degrees = 38.6 m/s
Learn more about components of velocity:brainly.com/question/14478315
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<h2>
Answer: <u>
Visible</u>
light</h2>
Explanation:
The portion visible by the human eye of the electromagnetic spectrum is between 380 nm (violet-blue) and 780 nm (red), <u>but we can approximate this range to 400nm to 740nm</u>. Which means this part of the spectrum is located between ultraviolet light and infrared light.
Note the fact only part of the whole electromagnetic spectrum is visible to humans is because the receptors in our eyes are only sensitive to these wavelengths. That is why the visible light (also called the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum) is the portion we can see.
Therefore:
This portion is called <u>visible</u> light and consists of wavelengths of light from about 400 to 740 nm.
<span>The correct answer is B. - It would take a ray of light 10.5 light years to travel from Earth to Epsilon Eridani, or vice-versa. Using our current technology it would take far longer than 21.0 years for a space ship from Earth to travel that far - I would have to guess many hundreds of years.</span>