What is the difference between a chemical process and a physical process in chemistry?
1 answer:
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Answer:
3.72 mol Hg
General Formulas and Concepts:
<u>Chemistry - Atomic Structure</u>
- Reading a Periodic Table
- Using Dimensional Analysis
- Density = Mass over Volume
Explanation:
<u>Step 1: Define</u>
D = 13.6 g/mL
54.8 mL Hg
<u>Step 2: Identify Conversions</u>
Molar Mass of Hg - 200.59 g/mol
<u>Step 3: Find</u>
13.6 g/mL = x g / 54.8 mL
x = 745.28 g Hg
<u>Step 4: Convert</u>
<u /> = 3.71544 mol Hg
<u>Step 5: Check</u>
<em>We are given 3 sig figs. Follow sig fig rules and round.</em>
3.71544 mol Hg ≈ 3.72 mol Hg
<h3><u>Full Question:</u></h3>
The following compound has been found effective in treating pain and inflammation (J. Med. Chem. 2007, 4222). Which sequence correctly ranks each carbonyl group in order of increasing reactivity toward nucleophilic addition?
A) 1 < 2 < 3
B) 2 < 3 < 1
C) 3 < 1 < 2
D) 1 < 3 < 2
<h3><u>Answer: </u></h3>The rate of nucleophilic attack of carbonyl compounds is 2<3 <1.
Option B
<h3><u>Explanation. </u></h3>Nucleophilic attack is explained as the attack of an electron rich radical to a carbonyl compound like aldehyde or a ketone. A nucleophile has a high electron density, so it searches for a electropositive atom where it can donate a portion of its electron density and become stable.
A carbonyl compound is a hybridized carbon atom with a double bonded oxygen atom in it. The oxygen atom pulls a huge portion of electron density from carbon being very electropositive.
In a ketone, there are two factors that make it less likely to undergo a nucleophilic attack than aldehyde. Firstly, the steric hindrance of two carbon groups being attached with the carbonyl carbon makes it harder for the nucleophile to approach. Secondly, the electron push by the carbon groups attached makes the carbonyl carbon a bit less electropositive than the aldehyde one. So aldehydes are more reactive towards a nucleophilic addition reaction.