1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Elena L [17]
3 years ago
5

Summarize given the large number of proteins is in the body

Biology
1 answer:
natali 33 [55]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

Enzymes' shapes are important because it determines the specific substrate it will act onto.

Explanation:

The shape of the enzymes are explained by two theories, which are Lock and Key Theory and Induced Fit Theory.

<h3>Lock and Key Theory </h3>

This was first coined by <em>Emil Fischer in 1894</em>. Just like how a key has a specific keyhole, <u>enzymes' active sites are supposed to act on specific substrates to produce a catalyzed effect</u>. Incorrectly shaped keys or enzymes will not fit into a lock (substrate) not assigned for it.

<h3>Induced Fit Theory</h3>

this theory was proposed for the substrates that do not qualify for the Lock-and-Key theory, or <u>enzymes that have more than one active sites</u>. It is said that the <u>substrate determines the final shape of the enzyme</u>, and that the<u> enzyme is somehow pliable</u>. The enzyme is then modified by the substrate to form an enzyme-substrate complex. This explains why two or more enzymes can catalyze a single substrate.

<h3>Additional notes:</h3>

For enzymes to work, they may need specific molecules.

A coenzyme may be <u>metal ions (iron, copper, magnesium)</u> or <u>organic molecules (Vitamins B2, B3, B8)</u> which attach to an enzyme to form a holoenzyme. An apoenzyme is an enzyme with only its protein part sans the cofactor.

You might be interested in
The most important factor that limits the size of a cell is _________
Gala2k [10]
The most important factor that limits the size of a cell is  the ability of the cell to transport materials efficiently into and out of the cell. In this case the size of a cell should have a particular form in order to export and import material.
5 0
3 years ago
The epimysium surrounds the individual muscle cells. <br> a. True <br> b. False
balu736 [363]
False is the answer to this question...
4 0
3 years ago
Describe the probable effects on gene expression in the lac operon of each mutation: a. Mutation in the lac operator that delete
Stella [2.4K]

Answer:

a. Reduces represor binding.

b. Constitutive expression of the operon.

c. Stronger promoter if it is more similar to the consensus sequence. Weaker promoter if less similar.

Explanation:

The lac operon is an operon required for lactose transport and metabolism in enteric bacteria such as <em>Escherichia coli</em>. <u>It is regulated by glucose and lactose availability</u> and consists of the following structural genes:

  • Lac z gene: encodes the enzyme β-galactosidase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis reaction of lactose into glucose and galactose.
  • Gene lac y: encodes the protein galactoside permease involved in the transport of lactose into the bacterium.
  • Lac a gene: encodes the enzyme thiogalactoside transferase, which catalyzes the transfer of the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme A to 6-OH of a thiogalactoside acceptor. This gene is not related to lactose metabolism.
  • Promoter: region of DNA recognized by RNA polymerase for transcription.
  • Operator: region of DNA located between the promoter and the beginning of the structural genes, which is recognized by the repressor protein Lac I.
  • Repressor gene (lac I): encodes the Lac I repressor protein, which recognizes the operator region, where it binds. It prevents the transcription of genes under the control of this promoter but stimulates the binding of RNA polymerase. When the repressor is absent (in the presence of inducer which in this case will be lactose or IPTG), RNA polymerase will begin transcription.

The lac operon is under a type of negative regulation, where genes can always be transcribed, except when the Lac I repressor protein is bound to the operon region, for which it has a high affinity. In this case, the promoter of the lac I gene is constitutive, so the Lac I protein is permanently expressed and remains bound in tetramer form to the operon region, preventing the transcription of structural genes.

Since lactose is the inducer of the operon, it is able to bind to the Lac I repressor protein and generate a conformational change that decreases its affinity for the operon region. Thus, the operon region is left free, <u>RNA polymerase can freely transcribe the structural genes and β-galactosidase can degrade lactose to glucose plus galactose</u>. <u>In the absence of lactose, the Lac I repressor protein maintains its high affinity for the operator region, preventing RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes</u>. In this way, the system remains closed with consequent energy savings for the bacterium.

As a final clarification, actually the true inducing molecule of the lac operon is called allolactose, an isomer of lactose obtained by a transglycosylation occasionally carried out by β-galactosidase.

a. When there is a mutation in the lac operator that deletes most of the operator, then the repressor Lac I can no longer bind and RNA polymerase will begin transcription.

b. When there is a mutation in the Lac I gene that eliminates the binding of repressor to operator, then this protein can not produce the repression so there would be a constitutive expression of the operon.

c. Since the promoter us a region of DNA recognized by RNA polymerase for transcription, if there is a mutation here it will generate a stronger promoter in the case that this part is similar to a consensus sequence (the most commonly encountered nucleotides found at a certain location). In the case that it is less similar, then it will generate a weaker promoter.

7 0
3 years ago
What do the following two equations represent?<br> 5x +y = 3<br> . 10x + 2y = -6
cupoosta [38]

Answer:

Choose distinct parallel lines.

Explanation:

They represent two parallel lines. The slopes are going to be the same in each line . Put the x value on the opposite side of the equal sign.

y = - 5x + 3           The slope is - 5

10x + 2y = - 6        Subtract 10x from both sides

2y = - 10x - 6         Divide by 2

y = -10x/2 - 6/2

y =-5x - 3

That minus three is the problem. You have 2 different y intercepts. That means that you have 2 parallel lines.

8 0
3 years ago
When looking at the Easter Island case study, what is the biggest lesson we can take away?<br>​
brilliants [131]

Answer:

k

Explanation:

4 0
2 years ago
Other questions:
  • What are the three properties of water that are unique to the conditions found on earth
    13·1 answer
  • The only t cells that can directly attack and kill other cells are the ________.
    14·1 answer
  • Which of the following genes would not likely be encoded on a plasmid?
    7·1 answer
  • The notrogen cycle could not exist without what?​
    14·1 answer
  • The phosphorous cycle is responsible for producing acid rain.<br><br> True or false
    7·2 answers
  • Allergy shots work by shifting antibody responses to produce ________ antibodies.
    10·1 answer
  • Carbon fixation occurs during the light reactions.
    12·2 answers
  • The group in a experiment that is not exposed to the variable is called the
    12·1 answer
  • An________ is a pure substance that is only made up of one kind of atom
    9·2 answers
  • What do you think the difference in color of strands represent are they really that color ?
    12·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!