It is Chemistry.
Cu+AgNO3=Ag+Cu(NO3)2
==>
Cu+2AgNO3=2Ag+Cu(NO3)2
If I remember correctly, there are two main types of transport—passive and active. Passive transport does not require energy or ATP, whereas active transport does.
Types of passive transport include diffusion and osmosis, both of which involve moving down a concentration gradient and thus not requiring energy.
Active transport moves up the concentration gradient and does require energy.
Perhaps someone who has taken bio within the last several years can correct anything I might have misstated here.
Photorespiration limits casualty products of light reactions
that build up in the absence of the Calvin cycle. In many plants,
photorespiration is a problem because on a hot, dry day it can drain as much as
50% of the carbon fixed by the Calvin cycle. The closing of stomata reduces access to CO2
and causes O2 to build up. These conditions favor a seemingly not useful process
called photorespiration. In most plants
(C3 plants), initial fixation of CO2, via rubisco, forms a three-carbon
compound. In photorespiration, rubisco
adds O2 instead of CO2 in the Calvin cycle. Photorespiration eats up O2 and
organic fuel and releases CO2 without producing ATP or sugar. Photorespiration
can evolve relic because rubisco first evolved at a time when the atmosphere
had far less O2 and more CO2.
In fact, the concordance rate of autism spectrum disorder was twice in identical twins that of non-twin siblings.
It has been shown that genetic has a huge influence on the development of autism spectrum disorder and that autism in identical twins was 13 times that of the general population. This suggest that environmental factors in the womb are the major factors that contribute.
I think it would be (from smallest to biggest) this info is from various sources and scientific PDFs
1Glucose=1nanometer
2Protein=10nanometer
3Disaccharides= 200+nanometer
4Starch=1000+nanometer
