Question

Which particles in the gas phase are attracted with the weakest intermolecular forces? in water?

Answer 1

The choices for this question are N2, O2 and H2O. I believe the closest correct answer would be N2. H2O would have the strongest one as it is capable of hydrogen bonding which is one strong intermolecular force. To compare oxygen and nitrogen, we look at properties of both substances. Oxygen would have a higher boiling point than nitrogen which means oxygen would require more energy to allow phase transition so it should have a stronger force than nitrogen. Thus, nitrogen would have the weakest intermolecular force.

Answer 2

Answer:

Nitrogen in the gas phase is attracted by weaker inter-molecular forces.

Further details:

Nitrogen has London dispersion forces which have weak inter-molecular interactions.

London dispersion forces:

The London dispersion force is the feeblest inter-molecular force, and is a temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms positions that make the atoms form transitory dipoles. This force is sometimes called an induced dipole attraction. London forces are the attractive forces that root non-polar substances to reduce to liquids and to freeze into solids when the temperature is dropped adequately.

London force (fluctuating dipole–induced dipole), which rises due to the non-zero immediate dipole moments of all atoms and molecules is a type of weak inter-molecular interaction. Such polarization can be persuaded either by a polar fragment or by the repulsion of negatively charged electron clouds in non-polar molecules. Thus, London interactions are produced by accidental variations of electron compactness in an electron cloud. An atom with a large number of electrons will have a greater related London force than an atom with fewer electrons. The dispersion (London) force is the most significant constituent because all materials are polarizable, whereas Keesom and Debye forces need permanent dipoles. The London interaction is universal and is present in atom-atom interfaces as well. For numerous causes, London interactions (dispersion) have been deliberated relevant for interactions between macroscopic bodies in reduced systems.

Answer details:

Subject:  Chemistry

Level:  High school

Keywords:

• Nitrogen

• London dispersion forces

• Weak molecular attraction

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