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3 years ago

What is the difference between a state and a microstate of a system?

Chemistry

1 answer:

Brut [27]3 years ago

4 0

Answer:

a) A microstate is a snapshot of positions and speeds at a particular instant.

b) A thermodynamic state is a single possible arrangement of the positions and kinetic energies of the molecules.

c) A thermodynamic state is a set of conditions, usually temperature and pressure, that defines the properties of a bulk material.

d) A microstate is a single possibility for all the positions and kinetic energies of all the molecules in a sample.

e) A thermodynamic state is a set of conditions, usually temperature, volume and number of moles, that defines the properties of a bulk material.

Explanation:

A state of a system in thermodynamics give the properties that a material is been made up, these properties could be pressure, temperature, volumes and others , they are been called thermodynamic property

Microstates helps us to know how molecules is been arranged in single instant. Kinetics energy as well as position of molecules in a particular substance can be known in single instant.

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What does buffer do?? (Chemistry)

pogonyaev

A buffer is a solution that can resist pH change upon the addition of an acidic or basic components. It is able to neutralize small amounts of added acid or base, thus maintaining the pH of the solution relatively stable. This is important for processes and/or reactions which require specific and stable pH ranges. Buffer solutions have a working pH range and capacity which dictate how much acid/base can be neutralized before pH changes, and the amount by which it will change.

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3 years ago

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Two common methods to generate an aldehyde is by oxidation of an alcohol and through ozonolysis.

kotykmax [81]

Answer:

a. True.

Explanation:

Only primary and secondary alcohols can oxidise to give an aldehyde. But a weak oxidizing agent must be used to prevent formation of a carboxylic acid or ketone.

weak oxidizing agents: Chromyl chloride, silver/oxygen/500°C

take an example of ethanol:

 ${ \bf{CH _{3} CH_{2}OH \: \: \frac{Ag/O_{2} }{500 \degree C} > \: \:CH _{3} CHO}}$ 

 ${ \sf{CH _{3} CHO \: \: is \: ethanal}}$ 

By ozonolysis:

Here, reactants are Ozone gas, Carbon tetrachloride at a temperature (<20°C), ethanoic acid, zinc and water.

take an example of propanol:

if it undergoes ozonolysis, it gives ethanal and methanal.

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3 years ago

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The temperature of a boiling liquid can rise above its boiling point. a. true b. false

goldenfox [79]

The temperature of a liquid can exceed its boiling point. An example is water. Although at ordinary pressure of 1 atm, the boiling point is 100 degrees, water can still exist in higher temperatures but this time in another state. Superheated steam is the term used for water whose temperature has higher than the boiling point

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3 years ago

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How many molecules of water or in 1 liter (56 mol)?

dem82 [27]

1 mol of any particles = 6.02*10²³ particles

56 mol*6.02*10²³ molecules of water/1 mol =3.37*10²⁵

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3 years ago

Silver sulfadiazine burn-treating cream creates a barrier against bacterial invasion and releases antimicrobial agents directly

trapecia [35]

Answer : The mass of silver sulfadiazine produced can be, 71.35 grams.

Solution : Given,

Mass of $Ag_2O$ = 25.0 g

Mass of $C_{10}H_{10}N_4SO_2$ = 50.0 g

Molar mass of $Ag_2O$ = 231.7 g/mole

Molar mass of $C_{10}H_{10}N_4SO_2$ = 250.3 g/mole

Molar mass of $AgC_{10}H_{9}N_4SO_2$ = 357.1 g/mole

First we have to calculate the moles of $Ag_2O$ and $C_{10}H_{10}N_4SO_2$ .

$\text{ Moles of }Ag_2O=\frac{\text{ Mass of }Ag_2O}{\text{ Molar mass of }Ag_2O}=\frac{25.0g}{231.7g/mole}=0.1079moles$

$\text{ Moles of }C_{10}H_{10}N_4SO_2=\frac{\text{ Mass of }C_{10}H_{10}N_4SO_2}{\text{ Molar mass of }C_{10}H_{10}N_4SO_2}=\frac{50.0g}{250.3g/mole}=0.1998moles$

Now we have to calculate the limiting and excess reagent.

The balanced chemical reaction is,

$Ag_2O(s)+2C_{10}H_{10}N_4SO_2(s)\rightarrow 2AgC_{10}H_9N_4SO_2(s)+H_2O(l)$

From the balanced reaction we conclude that

As, 2 mole of $C_{10}H_{10}N_4SO_2$ react with 1 mole of $Ag_2O$

So, 0.1998 moles of $C_{10}H_{10}N_4SO_2$ react with $\frac{0.1998}{2}=0.0999$ moles of $Ag_2O$

From this we conclude that, $Ag_2O$ is an excess reagent because the given moles are greater than the required moles and $C_{10}H_{10}N_4SO_2$ is a limiting reagent and it limits the formation of product.

Now we have to calculate the moles of $AgC_{10}H_9N_4SO_2$

From the reaction, we conclude that

As, 2 mole of $C_{10}H_{10}N_4SO_2$ react with 2 mole of $AgC_{10}H_9N_4SO_2$

So, 0.1998 mole of $C_{10}H_{10}N_4SO_2$ react with 0.1998 mole of $AgC_{10}H_9N_4SO_2$

Now we have to calculate the mass of $AgC_{10}H_9N_4SO_2$

$\text{ Mass of }AgC_{10}H_9N_4SO_2=\text{ Moles of }AgC_{10}H_9N_4SO_2\times \text{ Molar mass of }AgC_{10}H_9N_4SO_2$

$\text{ Mass of }AgC_{10}H_9N_4SO_2=(0.1998moles)\times (357.1g/mole)=71.35g$

Therefore, the mass of silver sulfadiazine produced can be, 71.35 grams.

8 0

3 years ago