The limiting reactant is salicylic acid (C₇H₆O₃).
Explanation:
We have the following chemical reaction where salicylic acid (C₇H₆O₃) reacts with acetic anhydride (C₄H₆O₃) to form acetylsalicylic acid (C₉H₈O₄) and acetic acid (C₂H₄O₂):
C₇H₆O₃ + C₄H₆O₃ → C₉H₈O₄ + C₂H₄O₂
We have started with 70.0 g of salicylic acid (C₇H₆O₃) and 80.0 g acetic anhydride (C₄H₆O₃).
First we calculate the number of moles of each reactant:
number of moles = mass / molar weight
number of moles of salicylic acid = 70 / 138 = 0.507 moles
number of moles of acetic anhydride = 80 / 102 = 0.784 moles
We see from the chemical reaction that 1 mole of acetic anhydride (C₄H₆O₃) reacts with 1 mole of salicylic acid (C₇H₆O₃) so 0.784 moles of acetic anhydride (C₄H₆O₃) will react with 0.784 mole of salicylic acid (C₇H₆O₃) but we only have 0.507 moles of salicylic acid (C₇H₆O₃). The limiting reactant is salicylic acid (C₇H₆O₃).
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