Answer:
Explanation:
Cellular respiration is a process which occurs in the all living cell all the time. It is an oxidative process by which respiratory substrate such as glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) is oxidised completely in presence of oxygen(O₂) to produce carbon dioxide (CO₂), water and energy in the from of ATP. ATP is is the energy currency of the cell. The process of cellular respiration begins in cytoplasm and completes in the mitochondria of the cell.
The overall reaction of respiration is given below:
C₆H₁₂O₆+ 6O₂ → 6CO₂+ 6H₂O + Energy (ATP)
5'-ACTCGTGA-3'-frameshift mutation (number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence is not divisible by three). deletion, one nucleotide in DNA is deleted, in this case A
5'-ATTACGTGA-3'- base substitution, C is substituted with T
5'-ACTACGTGT-3'- base substitution, A is substituted with T
5'-ACTAAGTGA-3'- base substitution, C is substituted with A
Substitution is a type of mutation in whichonly one base is changed. They can be:
• Nonsense mutations-when substitution leads to the formation of a stop codon instead of a codon
• Missense mutations-when one nucleotide is substituted and a different codon is formed
• Silent mutations-when a nucleotide is substituted and the same amino acid is produced
A high-energy electron is transferred along an electron transport chain to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Hydrogen is pumped out of the matrix space by the energy released. Through ATP synthase, the gradient produced by this forces hydrogen back through the membrane. when participating in the crucial process of oxidative phosphorylation.
Only a tiny portion of the glucose's totally free energy is released when it is transformed into pyruvate by the glycolytic process.
The breakdown of glucose into pyruvate within a cell's cytoplasm is known as glycolysis. The final phase of cellular respiration, known as oxidative phosphorylation, generates ATP using an ATP synthase gradient and a hydrogen ion gradient. The majority of the ATP produced during cellular respiration is produced during this process. Pyruvate can diffuse into mitochondria under aerobic conditions, where it enters the citric acid cycle and has reducing equivalents in the forms of NADH and FADH2.
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