DNA is a double-stranded molecule made out of 4 different nucleotides (Adenosine, Cytosine, Thymine, and Guanine) bonded together by different chemical bonds. All living things possess the same 4 nucleotides in their DNA molecules, which makes DNA the universal way of transmitting genetic information. The 4 nucleotides are combined in pairs and together they make the DNA sequence.
Different parts of this sequence that can be translated into proteins are called genes.
The DNA is found in the nucleus of every cell and it is organized in specific structures called chromosomes. Each species has a different number of these chromosomes, horses have 64 and humans have 46 of them or 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes. So, there are two sets of chromosomes, each inherited from a single parent. The reproductive cells only contain 23 chromosomes (half of the pairs). When two reproductive cells( an egg cell and a sperm cell) are fused in the process of fertilization they make a zygote ( a cell that has 46 chromosomes, or 23 pairs of chromosomes).
So, you have one set of chromosomes that you have inherited from your father and one set of chromosomes that you have inherited from your mother.
The genes in the DNA that you have inherited from your parents determine all of your traits (eye color, height, the shape of your face etc.).
Genes can sometimes have different forms called alleles. Some alleles can be dominant, meaning that they are always expressed no matter what allele is on the other homologous gene, or they can be recessive and can only be expressed when you have two copies of them (on both sets of chromosomes, from both parents).
10/40 I think it whold be useful if we got more info on the humming bird sorry
The characteristics of most unsaturated fatty acids found within a human cell are deprotonated carboxylic acid and cis double bonds.
- With the exception of steroids, fatty acids are carboxylic acids that provide the structural foundation of fats, oils, and all other types of lipids. More than 70 have been found in the natural world.
- They are typically unbranched, contain an even number of carbon atoms (often 12–20), and can be divided into groups based on the existence and quantity of carbon–carbon double bonds.
- As a result, saturated fatty acids don't have any carbon-to-carbon double bonds, while monounsaturated fatty acids have one, and polyunsaturated fatty acids have two or more.
learn more about unsaturated fatty acids here: brainly.com/question/3007736
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Hello there.
<span>The crossing over is a process where the chromatids pair and exchange sections of DNA, which lead to exchange genes (this result is call genetic recombination). So, the crossing over between nonsister chromatids during meiosis is significant in heredity because it leads to an increase of genetic variation (answer d.)</span>
Answer:
Only P-, F-, and V-class pumps transport ions.
Explanation:
The distinct classes of ATPases include:
1) Only the P-type ATPase actively transports ions across biological membranes. P-ATPases (also named E1-E2 ATPases) are found both in plasma and organelle membranes. These ATPases serve to transport ions and phospholipids by hydrolyzing ATP to ADP and phosphate.
2) A- and F-ATPases synthesize ATP by transforming the energy from a gradient of ions across the cell membrane.
3) V-ATPase (also known as Vacuolar-H+ ATPases) acidifies vacuole, lysosome, endosome and Golgi membranes. This type of ATPase couples the hydrolysis of ATP to the active transport of protons across biological membranes.
4) E-ATPases hydrolyze extracellular ATP.
