Lets say the initial cost is 100 dollars. The agent would buy it for 70 dollars. If he sold it for 10% more than what he bought it for, he would be selling it for 77 dollars, making a total profit of 37 dollars. This would mean that he made a 48% profit.
The average between any two rational numbers is also rational. (7.7 + 7.9)/2 = 7.8 7.8 is rational because it can be written as a fraction with integer numerator and denominator (39/5) and it is also a terminating decimal.