© 1998, 1999 Gregory Carey Chapter 7: The New Genetics - 1 Chapter 7: The New Genetics—Techniques for DNA Analysis Introduction Before the 1980s, finding the genotype of an individual usually involved various laboratory assays for a gene product—the protein or enzyme. The cases of the ABO and Rhesus blood groups are classic examples of how one infers genotypes from the reaction of gene products with certain chemicals. In the mid 1980s, genetic technology took a great leap forward with the ability to genotype the DNA itself. The geneticist could now examine the DNA directly without going through the laborious process of developing assays to detect individual differences in proteins and enzymes. Direct DNA analysis had the further advantage of being able to identify alleles in sections of DNA that did not code for polypeptide chains. As a result of these new advances, the number of genetic loci that could be detected increased exponentially and soon led to the identification of the genes for disorders that had remained a mystery for the better part of this century. In this chapter, the major molecular techniques are outlined. The purpose is to provide a quick and understandable reference for the social scientist. The content of this chapter is not something that is required to understand genetics, what genes are, or how they relate to human behavior. Indeed, this chapter may be skipped without any great loss of continuity. Hence, only the essentials are given and the reader interested in the laboratory science behind the techniques is referred to contemporary textbooks on molecular genetics. We begin by defining a series of basic tools and techniques. © 1998, 1999 Gregory Carey Chapter 7: The New Genetics - 2 Basic Tools and Techniques: Basic tools: Electrophoresis Electrophoresis is a technique that separates small biological molecules by their molecular weight. It may be applied to molecules as large as proteins and enzymes as well as to small snippets of DNA and RNA. One begins the procedure by constructing a “gel”—a highly viscous material the actual chemistry of which need not concern us. Purified copies of the biological specimen are then injected into a “starting lane” at one end of the gel. Finally, a weak electric current is passed through the gel for a specified amount of time. Gravity and the electric current cause the biological molecules to migrate to the opposite end of the gel. The extent to which any molecule moves depends upon its electrical charge, molecular weight, the viscosity of the gel, the strength of the current, and the amA. The simplest method to denature DNA is to h33///////////////////////(http://psych.colorado.edu/~carey/hgss/hgsschapters/HGSS_Chapter07.pdf) # cited
Answer:
Phalanges: long bones
Sternum: flat bone
Vertebrae: Irregular bone
Hey there,
Step 1: N<span>ever attempt to remove a patient from an electrical source unless the EMT is trained and equipped to do so.
Step 2: </span><span>Never touch a patient who is still in contact with the electrical source
Step 3: </span><span>Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 15 lpm
Step 4: </span><span>Monitor the patient for cardiac arrest
Step 5: </span><span>Assess the patient for muscle tenderness with or without twitching and any seizure activity
Step 6: A</span><span>ssess for an entrance and exit burn injury
Step 7: T</span><span>ransport the patient as soon as possible.
Hope this helps :))
~Top
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Answer:
True
Explanation:
Let the allele for green color of pods be G
and the allele for yellow color of pods be g
Phenotype of true breeding parent with green colored seeds is GG
Phenotype of true breeding parent with yellow colored seeds is gg
In F1 cross
GG mates with gg
Genotype of offspring - Gg
Phenotype of offspring - Green seed
Since the offspring has both the allele for green and yellow seeds color but yet only green is expressed. This indicate that green allele dominated the expression of yellow allele thus, it can be concluded that green seed pods were dominant over yellow seed pods.
Answer:
4. Molecules are groups of atoms that have chemically bonded together.
5. Groups of different types of cells make up the organs
6. Glucose is a type of chemical reaction, and the overall metabolism of an organism includes thousands of chemical reactions.
7. Yes, The smooth functioning of a complex organism is the result of all it various parts working together.
Hope this helped!
