Question

Draw the three structures of the aldehydes with molecular formula C5H10O that contain a branched chain.

Answer 1

Answer:

See picture for answer

Explanation:

First to all, an aldehyde is a carbonated chain with a Carbonile within it chain. It's call aldehyde basically because the C = O is always at the end of the chain. When the C = O is on another position of the chain, is called a ketone.

Now, in this exercise we have an aldehyde with 5 carbons, so the first carbon is the C = O. The remaining four carbon belong to the chain. however, we need to have a branched chain in this molecular formula.

If this the case, this means that the longest chain cannot have 5 carbons. It should have 4 carbons as the longest chain. The remaining carbon, would one branched.

In this case, we only have two possible ways to have an aldehyde with a branched chain, and 4 carbons at max. One methyl in position 2, and the other in position 3.

The remaining aldehyde with branched chain, cannot have 4 carbons as longest, it should have 3 carbons with longest chain and 2 carbons as radicals (In this case, methyl). In this way, we just have all the aldehyde with this formula and at least one branched chain. The other possible ways would be conformers or isomers of the first three.

See picture for the structures of these 3 aldehydes, and their names.}