"Newton" is a unit of force in the SI/metric system.
One newton is the force that accelerates 1 kilogram of mass at the rate of 1 m/s² .
One pound of force is about 4.448 newtons of force. (rounded)
One ounce of force is about 0.278 newton of force. (rounded)
Explanation:
Given that,
Radius R= 2.00
Charge = 6.88 μC
Inner radius = 4.00 cm
Outer radius = 5.00 cm
Charge = -2.96 μC
We need to calculate the electric field
Using formula of electric field

(a). For, r = 1.00 cm
Here, r<R
So, E = 0
The electric field does not exist inside the sphere.
(b). For, r = 3.00 cm
Here, r >R
The electric field is

Put the value into the formula


The electric field outside the solid conducting sphere and the direction is towards sphere.
(c). For, r = 4.50 cm
Here, r lies between R₁ and R₂.
So, E = 0
The electric field does not exist inside the conducting material
(d). For, r = 7.00 cm
The electric field is

Put the value into the formula


The electric field outside the solid conducting sphere and direction is away of solid sphere.
Hence, This is the required solution.
B: A spherical, with the objects in the solar system orbiting the suns in all directions
The half-life of Cobalt 60 is 5.27 years. This means that after this time, only 50 % of the initial amount of Cobalt is left. The relationship between the number of nuclei left at time t and the time, for a radioactive decay, is given by

where

is the number of nuclei left at time t,

is the number of nuclei at t=0, and

is the half-life. For cobalt,

.
We can re-arrange the formula as

and then

the problem asks for the time t at which only 20% of cobalt is left, that means the time t at which

therefore, using this into the previous equation, we get

so, after a time of 12.24 years, only 20% of cobalt is left.
Answer:
The difference is in who or what is observing the speed.
Explanation:
Giving that speed is relative between the objects and the reference point from which it is being observed.
It is concluded that speed alone has no direct effect on a moving object, hence it is just a determining unit for the difference in distance between two objects.
Therefore, in this case, the difference is in who or what is observing the speed.