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Leto [7]
3 years ago
11

What can be said about an endothermic reaction with a negative entropy change? view available hint(s) the reaction is what can b

e said about an endothermic reaction with a negative entropy change? spontaneous at all temperatures. spontaneous at high temperatures. spontaneous at low temperatures. spontaneous in the reverse direction at all temperatures. nonspontaneous in either direction at all temperatures?
Chemistry
1 answer:
solmaris [256]3 years ago
7 0
Answer is: <span>spontaneous in the reverse direction at all temperatures.
</span>Spontaneity can be determined using the change in <span>Gibbs free energy:
</span>ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.
ΔG changes in Gibbs free energy.
ΔH changes in enthalpy.
ΔS changes in entropy.
T is temperature.
<span>When ΔS < 0 (</span>negative entropy change)<span> and ΔH > 0 (endothermic reaction), the process is never spontaneous (</span>ΔG> 0), but the reverse process is always spontaneous.
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Identify the group of elements that corresponds to each of the following generalized electron configurations and indicate the nu
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Answer:

(a) [Noble gas] ns² np⁵: Number of unpaired electron is 1 and belongs to group 17 i.e. halogen group of the periodic table.

(b) [noble gas] ns² (n-1)d²: Number of unpaired electron is 2 and belongs to group 4 of the periodic table.

(c) [noble gas] ns² (n-1)d¹⁰ np¹: Number of unpaired electron is 1 and belongs to group 13 of the periodic table.

(d)[noble gas] ns² (n-2)f⁶ : Number of unpaired electron is 6 and belongs to group 8 of the periodic table.

Explanation:

In the Periodic table, the chemical elements are arranged in 7 rows, called periods and 18 columns, called groups. They are organized in increasing order of atomic numbers.

(a) [Noble gas] ns² np⁵

As the total number of electrons in the p-orbital is 5. Therefore, the number of unpaired electron is 1.

This element has 2 electrons in ns orbital and 5 electrons in np orbital. <u>So there are 7 valence electrons.</u>

Therefore, this element belongs to the group 17 i.e. halogen group of the periodic table.

(b) [noble gas] ns² (n-1)d²

As the total number of electrons in the d-orbital is 2. Therefore, the number of unpaired electrons is 2.

This element has 2 electrons in ns orbital and 2 electrons in (n-1)d orbital. So there are <u>4 valence electrons.</u>

Therefore, this element belongs to the group 4 of the periodic table.

(c) [noble gas] ns² (n-1)d¹⁰ np¹

As the total number of electrons in the p-orbital is 1. Therefore, the number of unpaired electron is 1.

This element has 2 electrons in ns orbital and 1 electron in np orbital. So there are <u>3 valence electrons</u>.

Therefore, this element belongs to the group 13 of the periodic table.

(d)[noble gas] ns² (n-2)f⁶

As the total number of electrons in the f-orbital is 6. Therefore, the number of unpaired electron is 6.

This element has 2 electrons in ns orbital and 6 electrons in (n-2)f orbital. So there are <u>8 valence electrons.</u>

Therefore, this element belongs to the group 8 of the periodic table.

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3 years ago
Acetic acid, CH3COOH, can be produced by bubbling oxygen gas into acetaldehyde, CH3CHO, in the presence of
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Explanation:

The balanced equation for the reaction is given as;

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how many grams of acetic acid will be produced?

First thing's first, we have to find he limiting reactant. This is done by comparing the number of moles of the reactants.

From the equation of the reaction;

2 mol of CH3CHO reacts with 1 mol of O2

From the masses given;

Number of moles = Mass / Molar mass

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Number of moles = 10 / 32 = 0.3125 mol

The limiting reactant is CH3CHO because O2 would be in excess.

Back to the question;

2 mol of CH3CHO produces 2 mol of CH3COOH  

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Solving for x;

x = 0.454 * 2 / 2 = 0.454 mol

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The excess reactant is O2

Number of moles left = Initial Number of moles - Number of moles that reacted

Number of moles left =  0.3125 mol - (0.454 mol / 2)

Number of moles left = 0.0855 mol

Converting to mass;

Mass = 0.0855 mol * 32 g/mol = 2.736 grams

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