<span>The crusades were a series of holy wars called by popes with the promise of indulgences for those who fought in them and directed against external and internal enemies of Christendom for the recovery of Christian property or in defense of the Church or Christian people.
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I think you're looking for the name for this event? This is eclipse, and more specifically solar eclipse: when the Sun cannot be seen because it is covered by the moon between the Sun and Earth
One is a pronoun in the English Language. It is a gender-neutral indefinite pronoun. Roughly meaning "A Person".
True, the Travis letter had an immense and immediate effect.