<span>The alarm stage of stress is when the body prepares itself for fight-or-flight. </span>
Skin acts as a barrier between invaders (pathogens) and your body.
Digestive system defense has enzymes. The enzymes in your stomach, pancreas, and liver help destroy pathogens.
The circulatory system contains immune cells called lymphocytes, which protect the body against antigens (viruses, bacteria, etc. ) that invade the body.
The respiratory system is a layered defense mechanism which relies on components of both the innate and adaptive immune systems to protect the lungs and the rest of the respiratory tract against inhaled microorganisms.
The body’s innate immune system (nervous system), its first line of defense, recognizes infectious microorganisms such as bacteria, and initiates a generalized short-acting response while summoning the body’s adaptive immune cells to mount a sustained and targeted attack.
<span>When a person smokes a cigarette, the body responds immediately to the chemical nicotine in the smoke. Nicotine causes a short-term increase in blood pressure, heart rate, and the flow of blood from the heart. It also causes the arteries to narrow. Carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen the blood can carry. This, combined with the effects produced by nicotine, creates an imbalance in the demand for oxygen by the cells and the amount of oxygen the blood is able to supply.
So the answer is D. increased heart rate</span>
Answer:
Most likely to be a heart attack
Explanation:
I would say this is A. Head , hope this helps !
