Explanation:
A physical change is change that alters the physical properties of matter especially its form and state.
In many cases, the change is easily reversible.
Examples are change of state such as boiling, melting, freezing, condensation, sublimation e.t.c
A chemical change is one in which a new kind of matter is formed. It is always accompanied by energy changes.
Examples are combustion, rusting , precipitation, milk souring.
- Chemical changes are irreversible
- Physical changes do not lead to the formation of new kinds of matter.
- Most physical changes requires little energy.
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Answer:
Making oxygen
Oxygen can be made from hydrogen peroxide, which decomposes slowly to form water and oxygen:
hydrogen peroxide → water + oxygen
2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g)
The rate of reaction can be increased using a catalyst, manganese(IV) oxide. When manganese(IV) oxide is added to hydrogen peroxide, bubbles of oxygen are given off.
Apparatus arranged to measure the volume of gas in a reaction. Reaction mixture is in a flask and gas travels out through a pipe in the top and down into a trough of water. It then bubbles up through a beehive shelf into an upturned glass jar filled with water. The gas collects at the top of the jar, forcing water out into the trough below.
To make oxygen in the laboratory, hydrogen peroxide is poured into a conical flask containing some manganese(IV) oxide. The gas produced is collected in an upside-down gas jar filled with water. As the oxygen collects in the top of the gas jar, it pushes the water out.
Instead of the gas jar and water bath, a gas syringe could be used to collect the oxygen.
Bases
A base is a substance that dissociates into more hydroxide ions (-OH-) when dissolved in water. Bases are also good proton acceptors. Bases, therefore, reduce the number of H+ and increase OH- hence raising the pH of the solution.
B(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ BH⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq)
Explanation:
Other properties of bases is that they are bitter to the taste and they feel slippery when touched. Strong bases are nonthlese very corrosive like acids. Bases turn red litmus paper blue. Most alkali hydroxides such as NaOH are bases.
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