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3 years ago

A toy car has a kinetic energy of 8 J. What is its kinetic energy after a frictional force of 0.5 N has acted on it for 6 m?

Physics

1 answer:

Nezavi [6.7K]3 years ago

7 0

Answer:

Final kinetic energy, $KE_f=5\ J$

Explanation:

It is given that,

Kinetic energy of toy car, $KE_i = 8\ J$

Frictional force, F = 0.5 N

Distance, d = 6 m

We need to find the kinetic energy after this frictional force has acted on it. We know that frictional force is an opposing force. The work done by the toy car is given by :

$W=F\times d$

$W=-0.5\ N\times 6\ m$

W = -3 J

We know that the work done is equal to the change in kinetic energy. Let $KE_f$ is the final kinetic energy.

$W=KE_f-KE_i$

$-3=KE_f-8$

$KE_f=5\ J$

So, the final kinetic energy is the toy car is 5 J. Hence, this is the required solution.

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Answer:

Range of the projectile: approximately $1.06 \times 10^{3}\; {\rm m}$ .

Maximum height of the projectile: approximately $80\; {\rm m}$ (approximately $45.0\; {\rm m}$ above the top of the cliff.)

The projectile was in the air for approximately $7.07\; {\rm s}$ .

The speed of the projectile would be approximately $155\; {\rm m \cdot s^{-1}}$ right before landing.

(Assumptions: drag is negligible, and that $g = 9.81\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}$ .)

Explanation:

If drag is negligible, the vertical acceleration of this projectile will be constantly $a_{y} = (-g) = (-9.81)\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-2}}$ . The SUVAT equations will apply.

Let $\theta$ denote the initial angle of elevation of this projectile.

Initial velocity of the projectile:

vertical component: $u_{y} = u\, \sin(\theta) = 153\, \sin(11.2^{\circ}) \approx 29.71786\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}$
horizontal component: $u_{x} = u\, \cos(\theta) = 153\, \cos(11.2^{\circ}) \approx 150.086\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}$ .

Final vertical displacement of the projectile: $x_{y} = (-35)\; {\rm m}$ (the projectile landed $35\: {\rm m}$ below the top of the cliff.)

Apply the SUVAT equation $v^{2} - u^{2} = 2\, a\, x$ to find the final vertical velocity $v_{y}$ of this projectile:

${v_{y}}^{2} - {u_{y}}^{2} = 2\, a_{y}\, x_{y}$ .

$\begin{aligned} v_{y} &= -\sqrt{{u_{y}}^{2} + 2\, a_{y} \, x_{y}} \\ &= -\sqrt{(29.71786)^{2} + 2\, (-9.81)\, (-35)} \\ &\approx (-39.621)\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}\end{aligned}$ .

(Negative since the projectile will be travelling downward towards the ground.)

Since drag is negligible, the horizontal velocity of this projectile will be a constant value. Thus, the final horizontal velocity of this projectile will be equal to the initial horizontal velocity: $v_{x} = u_{x}$ .

The overall final velocity of this projectile will be:

$\begin{aligned}v &= \sqrt{(v_{x})^{2} + (v_{y})^{2}} \\ &= \sqrt{(150.086)^{2} + (-39.621)^{2}} \\ &\approx 155\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}} \end{aligned}$ .

Change in the vertical component of the velocity of this projectile:

$\begin{aligned} \Delta v_{y} &= v_{y} - u_{y} \\ &\approx (-39.621) - 29.71786 \\ &\approx 69.3386 \end{aligned}$ .

Divide the change in velocity by acceleration (rate of change in velocity) to find the time required to achieve such change:

$\begin{aligned}t &= \frac{\Delta v_{y}}{a_{y}} \\ &\approx \frac{69.3386}{(-9.81)} \\ &\approx 7.0682\; {\rm s}\end{aligned}$ .

Hence, the projectile would be in the air for approximately $7.07\; {\rm s}$ .

Also the horizontal velocity of this projectile is $u_{x} \approx 150.086\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}$ throughout the flight, the range of this projectile will be:

$\begin{aligned}x_{x} &= u_{x}\, t \\ &\approx (150.086)\, (7.0682) \\ &\approx 1.06 \times 10^{3}\; {\rm m} \end{aligned}$ .

When this projectile is at maximum height, its vertical velocity will be $0$ . Apply the SUVAT equation $v^{2} - u^{2} = 2\, a\, x$ to find the maximum height of the projectile (relative to the top of the $35\; {\rm m}$ cliff.)

$\begin{aligned}x &= \frac{{v_{y}}^{2} - {u_{y}}^{2}}{2\, a} \\ &\approx \frac{0^{2} - 29.71786^{2}}{2\, (-9.81)} \\ &\approx 45.0\; {\rm m}\end{aligned}$ .

Thus, the maximum height of the projectile relative to the ground will be approximately $45.0\; {\rm m} + 35\; {\rm m} = 80\; {\rm m}$ .

5 0

1 year ago