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The genetic code is considered universal because the same four nucleotide bases are used by all known organisms
Answer: viral invasion.
Explanation:Cytopathic effect or cytopathogenic effect (abbreviated CPE) refers to structural changes in host cells that are caused by viral invasion. The infecting virus causes lysis of the host cell or when the cell dies without lysis due to an inability to replicate. Both of these effects occur due to CPEs.
The populations with the trophic levels that receive the least amount of the total energy from the grass would be Hognose snakes and owls.
<h3>Trophic Level</h3>
The higher we move up a trophic level, the lower the amount of energy transferred from the previous levels.
More precisely put, only about 10% of the total energy available at one trophic level is transferred to the next while the rest is lost as heat to the surrounding.
In this case, Hognose snakes and owls represent the two highest trophic levels in the ecosystem. Thus, their populations would receive the lowest amount of energy from the producer, the grass.
More on energy transfer in trophic levels can be found here: brainly.com/question/13267087
