This is known as parasitism.
In biology, parasitism is a relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.
Codominance.
Codominance occurs when, for example, a Dominant Blue color gene for a leaf crosses with a Dominant White color gene for a leaf. The genotype would be BW. This would result in, for example, a blue and white spotted leaf color. INCOMPLETE dominance occurs when both dominant alleles blend together, resulting in, eg, a pale blue color resulting from the blue and white colors mixing.
<h2>b) option is correct </h2>
Explanation:
- Some bacterial toxins cause disease by altering the activity of G protein, cholera toxin is one of them
- Cholera toxin catalyse ADP ribosylation of Gs and blocks GTPase activity thus Gs GTP become permanently active
- Constitutive activation of Gs protein continuously induce adenylyl cyclase, cytosolic cAMP level rises that leads to activation of protein kinase A (pKA)
- Activated pKA catalyse phosphorylation of two transmembrane proteins of intestinal epithelial cells:
- CFTR cause excessive outflow of Cl- ion and Na+ H+ exchange cause efflux of Na+ ion, both enters in gut and form Na+ Cl-
- Na+Cl- leads to outflow of water from the gut, resulting in diarrhea and dehydration and this condition may cause death of organisms due to loss of water and ions
Your answer here is Commensalism by process of elimination
