I realize its probably not the largest readable font. If you are having trouble reading it, it is the square root of y; however, there is a tiny little 5 in the upper left corner to indicate a fifth root. So you would read it out as "the fifth root of y"
The rule I'm using is
and the more general rule we could use is
where m = 1. This rule helps convert from rational exponent form (aka fractional exponents) to radical form.
Okay. 10^12 is 1 trillion. 1 trillion * 7 is 7 trillion. 14 trillion / 7 trillion is 2. The national debt in 2010 is two times larger than in 2003. So that basically means that the national debt doubled from 2003 to 2010.