Answer:
a. the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the material it is passing though
Explanation:
When a light ray enters from one medium to another, it bends. This is because the speed of light decreases as it enters a medium having more optical density. The speed of light is maximum in vacuum.
The refractive index determines the optical density of a medium. It is the ratio of the speed of light in the vacuum (c) to the speed of light in the material it is passing through (v).

Answer:
0.686 g of ice melts each second.
Solution:
As per the question:
Cross-sectional Area of the Copper Rod, A = 
Length of the rod, L = 19.6 cm = 0.196 m
Thermal conductivity of Copper, K = 
Conduction of heat from the rod per second is given by:

where
= temperature difference between the two ends of the rod.
Thus

Now,
To calculate the mass, M of the ice melted per sec:

where
= Latent heat of fusion of water = 333 kJ/kg

A is correct answer that's what i think not sure