A fomite is a non-moving object responsible for the indirect transmission of disease.
Fomites are inanimate objects involved in the indirect contact transmission of pathogens. These objects include a whole range of items mostly found in indoor environments.
When pathogens such as viruses and bacteria come in contact with these objects through various human and animal activities such as sneezing or coughing, use of toilets etc; these pathogens remain active on these objects and can then cause disease when others come in contact with these objects.
<h3>How do fomites transmit infectious agents?</h3>
Some diseases are more likely to be transmitted by pathogens than others. However, several factors can influence whether bacteria on carriers are successfully transferred to humans.
- type of bacteria or virus on the carrier
- number of bacteria or viruses leading to infection
- room temperature
- room humidity
- carrier porosity.
Sneezing and coughing can transfer bacteria to surfaces through droplets released by the sneeze or cough itself, or by bacteria from a sneeze or cough getting on the hands and coming into contact with a bacterial carrier.
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Heterocyst-forming Cyanobacteria differentiate highly specialized cells to provide fixed nitrogen to the vegetative cells in a filament.
Answer:
D. Sterility Locus
Explanation:
Angiosperms have several mechanisms to prevent self-pollination due to the advantage of cross-pollination. One of such mechanisms is self-incompatibility genes present on the sterility locus.
These genes determine the germination of the pollen on the stigma. If both the pollen and stigma carry the same allele of the gene present at the sterility locus, the germination of pollen is prevented.
The sterility locus has multiple alleles and the presence of the same alleles at the same locus in both pollen and stigma prevents the pollen germination.
For example, pollen from S1S2 individuals can not germinate on the stigma with the S1S3 genotype. Here, the pollen does not obtain water as required for germination from the stigma and are unable to germinate.
For example, insects use wings to fly like bats and birds, but the wing structure and embryonic origin is completely different. These are called analogous structures... Some structures are both analogous and homologous: the wings of a bird and the wings of a bat are both homologous and analogous.
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In this case, researchers observed a trade-off between the ability to tolerate harsh dry conditions and the ability to colonize deeper water. This type of trade-off can increase the fitness of only one phenotypic trait.
An evolutionary trade-off can be defined as an evolutionary mechanism where a trait can increase its adaptive fitness in the detriment of decreased adaptive fitness in another phenotypic trait.
In trade-offs, the evolutionary adaptive processes cannot optimize a given trait without compromising another.
A well-known example of an evolutionary trade-off is the balance between the number of eggs that a bird can produce in a determined clutch.
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