Answer: <u>Endonuclease enzymes used in molecular biology that cut DNA at specified points.</u>
Explanation:
Enzymes are specific protein types which bind to a substrate within a reaction, to increase the rate of reaction within the solution- they speed up the rate of reaction.
Restriction enzymes are bacteria-derived enzymes; these make cuts on deoxyribonucleic acid molecules or DNA. These are also called restriction endonucleases. They are utilized in molecular biology for DNA cloning and sequencing and cut DNA into smaller pieces called fragments.
Restriction enzymes make directed cuts on DNA molecules. They precisely target sites on DNA to produce mostly identical or homogenous, discrete fragments of equal sizes, producing blunt or sticky ends. In order to do this, they recognize sequences of nucleotides that correspond with a complementary sequence on the endonuclease called restriction sites.
There are several kinds that may require cofactors (chemical or metallic compounds that aid in enzyme activity) :
- Type I: cleave far away from the recognition site; require ATP and SAMe S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine
- Type II: cleave near to the site; require Magnesium
- Type III: cleave near to the site; require ATP which is not hydrolysed but SAMe S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine is optional
- Type IV: cleavage targeted to DNA that have undergone post transcriptional modification through certain types of methylation (addition of a methyl group)
write an equation to represent the oxidation of an alcohol.
identify the reagents that may be used to oxidize a given alcohol.
identify the specific reagent that is used to oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes rather than to carboxylic acids.
identify the product formed from the oxidation of a given alcohol with a specified oxidizing agent.
identify the alcohol needed to prepare a given aldehyde, ketone or carboxylic acid by simple oxidation.
write a mechanism for the oxidation of an alcohol using a chromium(VI) reagent.
The reading mentions that pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) is a milder version of chromic acid that is suitable for converting a primary alcohol into an aldehyde without oxidizing it all the way to a carboxylic acid. This reagent is being replaced in laboratories by Dess‑Martin periodinane (DMP), which has several practical advantages over PCC, such as producing higher yields and requiring less rigorous reaction conditions. DMP is named after Daniel Dess and James Martin, who developed it in 1983.
This page looks at the oxidation of alcohols using acidified sodium or potassium dichromate(VI) solution. This reaction is used to make aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids, and as a way of distinguishing between primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.
Oxidizing the different types of alcohols
The oxidizing agent used in these reactions is normally a solution of sodium or potassium dichromate(VI) acidified with dilute sulfuric acid. If oxidation occurs, the orange solution containing the dichromate(VI) ions is reduced to a green solution containing chromium(III) ions. The electron-half-equation for this reaction is
Cr2O2−7+14H++6e−→2Cr3++7H2O
Answer:
the individual atom in the molecule
Explanation:
In chemistry, the ball-and-stick model is a molecular model of a chemical substance. Invidual spheres there represent atoms in the molecule. The bigger atomic number the atom has, the larger diameter of the spheres this atom has in this model.
I hope this answer will help you. Have a nice day !
Answer: 44g
Explanation: The formular for finding Moles is ;
Moles = Mass / Molar Mass or Formular Mass.
Base on this question; Moles = 10, Mass = 440g, and Formular Mass = ?
Making 'Formular Mass', subject of the formular; we thus have;
Formular mass = Mass / Moles = 440/ 10 = 44g
Fossil fuels and unnatural energy sources still dominate in the US, this influences many problems including global warming, climate change, and pollution. Burning fossil fuels is also a problem to human health. And unnatural resources won’t be there forever whereas, renewable sources could last a long time.
