This is the distributive property.
12 is first one 7 is 2nd one 9 is the last one
5 cm since a pentagon has 5 sides just multiply one side by 5
1x5=5
a.
In order to find the common ratio, we just need to divide a term by the term that comes before it.
So using the terms 20 and -5, we have:

b.
The recursive rule can be found with the formula:

Where an is the nth term and q is the ratio. So we have:

c.
The explicit rule can be written as:

Where an is the nth term, a1 is the first term and q is the ratio. So: