Answer:
If a neurotransmitter attaches to a ligand-gated channel and creates a potential that causes the inside of the excitable cell membrane to become less negative, and this potential travels only a short distance before dying out, it is considered to be a <u>Graded or local potential</u>
Explanation:
<em>Graded potentials, also known as local or generator, are generated by an excitatory neurotranmitter, usually a ligan gated channel</em>, they occur at a localized place on the cell and their potentials are smaller (from 1-50mV) and its magnitude depends on the strength of the stimulus.
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The second stage takes place in the estogagus which leads to the stomach then the small intestine then the big intestine and then the toilet there
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Answer:
Multiple Sclerosis is an inflammatory disease in which myelin sheath of nerve cells of brain and spinal cord are damaged.
Explanation:
Cause:- (Exact cause of inflammation is not known)
- But damage is caused due to attack by autoimmune cells or antibodies against myelin sheath.
Types of tissues attack:-
- Oligodendrocytes and myelin sheath is damaged and stripped away from axon and the process is known as demyelination.
- Myelin sheaths are made up of fatty tissues and help in transmission of electric impulse.
Result of immune system attack:-
- Damaged myelin sheath stop forming whIte matter of central nervous system.
- Hence disrupt coordinating communication between different brain regions.
Signs and symptoms:- vary from person to person
- Diminished eyesight.
- Disrupt motor coordination.
- Weak sensory perception.
- Fatigue and dizziness.
- Speech disorder.
- Muscle weakness and spasticity.
- Difficulty in urination and stool.
Diagnosis and treatment:-
- Diagnosis include MRI T2 findings and cerebrospinal fluid specific oligoclonal bands.
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MRNA is a single-stranded molecule that carries genetic code from DNA in a cell's nucleus to ribosomes, the cell's protein-making machinery.
