Complex numbers are often used when dealing with alternating current (AC) circuits. In the equation $V = IZ$, $V$ is voltage, $I
$ is current, and $Z$ is a value known as impedance. If $V = 1-i$ and $Z=1+3i$, find $I$. Express your answer as a complex number in the form $a+bi$, where $a$ and $b$ are real numbers.
The current () expressed in the form is , where and .
Explanation:
- The first step is to write the expression of the current () in terms of voltage () and impedance (). As , you must pass to divide to the other side. The expression would be:
- The second step is to replace the values of and :
The next step is very important: As long as you have a division of complex numbers and you want to convert it to the form , you must multiply the numerator and denominator by the complex conjugate of the denominator. Keep in mind that the complex conjugate of a complex number is the same complex number but the sign of the imaginary part is opposite. Let's see two examples.
Consider the complex number . Its complex conjugate is
Consider the complex number . Its complex conjugate is
For this case, the complex conjugate is used because it allows to remove the imaginary part in the denominator. Let's multiply the complex conjugate of the denominator both in the numerator and in the denominator:
Remember that :
It is time to simplify the expression:
Thus, the current () expressed in the form is , where and .
1. The rate of return for each year is 4.05% <span>2010 $100 $4 => 4% 2011 $110 $4 => 3.6% 2012 $90 $4 => 4.4% 2013 $95 $4 => 4.2% Average is 4.05% 2. The dollar-weighted rate of return is -3(4%) - 2(3.6%) + 1(4.4%) + 4(4.2%) 14.75%</span><span /><span> </span>
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To calculate free cash flow, locate the income statement and balance sheet. Start with net income and add back charges for depreciation and amortization. Make an additional adjustment for changes in working capital, which is done by subtracting current liabilities from current assets. Then subtract capital expenditure (or spending on plants and equipment)