Answer: b. The instrument is correlated with x1.
d. The instrument does not directly influence y, except through x1.
Explanation:
Based on the information given in the question, the necessary characteristics of a suitable instrument include:
• The instrument is correlated with x1.
• The instrument does not directly influence y, except through x1.
Some of the criteria for an instrument variable are the fact that it should have a causal effect on independent variable and also the dependent variable isn't directly affected except through the independent variable which is x1 in this scenario.
Therefore, the correct option are B and D.
Answer:
The answer is d. Centralized purchasing is where individual, local purchasing departments, such as at the plant level, make their own purchasing decisions.
Explanation:
Centralized purchasing is a purchasing system in which all the departments of a company with a wide geographical distribution can make purchases through a common purchasing organization.
Answer:
All go to Sweden.
Explanation:
The two countries Germany and Sweden both can produce furniture and steel. Germany can produce one unit of steel or furniture in 12 days while Sweden can make one unit of steel in 15 days and one unit of furniture in 10 days. Germany has no advantage from the trade since it can produce both the goods in same time. Therefore all of the trade gain would belong to Sweden.
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