luconeogenesis is a ubiquitous process, present in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms.[2] In vertebrates, gluconeogenesis takes place mainly in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the cortex of the kidneys. In ruminants, this tends to be a continuous process.[3] In many other animals, the process occurs during periods of fasting, starvation, low-carbohydrate diets, or intense exercise. The process is highly endergonic until it is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP or GTP, effectively making the process exergonic. For example, the pathway leading from pyruvate to glucose-6-phosphate requires 4 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of GTP to proceed spontaneously. Gluconeogenesis is often associated with ketosis. Gluconeogenesis is also a target of therapy for type 2 diabetes, such as the antidiabetic drug, metformin, which inhibits glucose formation and stimulates glucose uptake by cells.[4] In ruminants, because dietary carbohydrates tend to be metabolized by rumen organisms, gluconeogenesis occurs regardless of fasting, low-carbohydrate diets, exercise, etc.[5]
Answer:
Deletion and glycosylation.
Explanation:
Proteins is polymers of the alpha amino acids that are directly linked together through the peptide bond. Proteins plays an important role in the metabolic pathways as most enzymes are made of protein.
The same protein can exist in two different size. This might occur due to the deletion of the particular amino acids sequence in one organism and normal in other organisms. The glycosylation of the same protein at different position in the proteins may also leads to the difference in the protein size.
Thus, the correct answer is deletion and glycosylation.
Answer: By losing its two outermost electron
Explanation:
Calcium is a element that belongs to group 2 in the periodic table. It has an atomic number of 20, and an electronic configuration of 2, 8, 8, 2.
Hence, to form an octet structure, it gives off its two electrons as shown below:
Ca <----> Ca2+ + 2e-
Thus, by losing its two outermost electrons, a positively charged calcium ion (Ca2+) is formed
Answer:
1st One
Explanation:
The distribution of earthquakes across the globe is shown in Figure 11.7. It is relatively easy to see the relationships between earthquakes and the plate boundaries. Along divergent boundaries like the mid-Atlantic ridge and the East Pacific Rise, earthquakes are common, but restricted to a narrow zone close to the ridge, and consistently at less than 30 km depth. Shallow earthquakes are also common along transform faults, such as the San Andreas Fault. Along subduction zones, as we saw in Chapter 10, earthquakes are very abundant, and they are increasingly deep on the landward side of the subduction zone
Answer: The biological carbon cycle is not only faster than the geological carbon cycle. The amount of carbon taken up by photosynthesis and released back to the atmosphere by respiration each year is 1,000 times greater than the amount of carbon that moves through the geological cycle on an annual basis. brainliest??
Explanation:
