"<span>d. high levels of both minerals and salinity" would be the best option, since without direct contact with larger bodies of water it's very hard for the minerals and salt to dissipate and "spread out".</span>
Without food people became malnourished therefore a decrease of population due to famine so no births and productivity since people were too weak to work.
The unity of African people with American and they were given an identity as people.
Francois Holland (the current president) has been named by many as the worst president France has ever had, though it's debatable and it's all based on your opinion, there is no certain answer. It really just depends on what you think on politics and what you think of which president made which decision