This is a simple sugar that provides energy to organisms.

At the beginning, aerobic respiration is used by his legs to generate energy when there was still sufficient oxygen intake for energy to be generated via oxidative phosphorylation.

Towards the end of the ride, his legs are generating energy through anaerobic respiration due to insufficient oxygen intake to keep up with the energy requirement of his muscles as he cycles continuously. Through anaerobic respiration, pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to lactate by lactate dehydrogenase instead of being channelled to the mitochondria for oxidative phosphorylation. The accumulation of lactate in his muscles is what causes the pain in his leg. After he stops the activity, the pain would reduce as lactate is transported to the liver to be reconverted back into pyruvate.

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3 years ago

4. A single-celled organism that a student observed under a microscope is shown below.

Katyanochek1 [597]

Explanation:

D. The organism is eukaryotic because it has membrane-bound organelles.

Cells are the basic microscopic units of all organisms. There are two cell types, Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.

Prokaryotic ( meaning pro: before and Karyon: for kernel/nut) describes organisms which don’t have a cell nucleus or other organelles surrounded by membranes. Eukaryotic (eu meaning true), are organisms with a cell nucleus and several other organelles surrounded by membranes. Example prokaryotes do not contain: nuclei , Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, mitochondria

Both may contain a cell wall (seen in eukaryotic fungi and plant cells)

Arranged in a phospholipid bilayer, the membrane is semi-permeable; allowing entry into the extracellular fluid or the cytoplasm which are both hydrophilic and contain large concentrations of polar water molecules or other water-soluble compounds. The hydrophilic heads of the bilayer are attracted to water while their water-repellent hydrophobic tails face towards each other- allowing molecules of water and hydrophilic molecules to move across the membrane along the concentration gradient.

Their structural components (i.e. their makeup) determine their function (what they do) . For instance, photosynthesizing cells in algae and plants have structures called chloroplasts. These contain chlorophyll, a specialized compound which facilitates the conversion of light energy to energy stored in carbohydrates. In specific cell types, collected proteins may function as a unit called an organelle. Some organelles are bound by membranes like those that make up the external structure of the cell, with varying compositions of phospholipids and proteins. These are advantageous, as they:

may increase metabolic reaction efficiency; they allow cells to concentrates smaller fractions of enzymes and solutes
separate proteins and molecules that me harm the cell by parceling them into membrane-bound organelles for example, proteaseas bound within lysosomes can break down many structural proteins

The related image is attached below

Learn more about cellular life at brainly.com/question/11259903

Learn more about mitochondria at brainly.com/question/8427362

Learn more about mitochondria and similar structures at brainly.com/question/2855039

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4 years ago